
Oncolytic vaccinia virus has been shown to induce a profound, rapid and tumor‐specific vascular collapse in both preclinical models and clinical studies; however, a complete examination of the kinetics and levels of collapse and revascularization has not been described previously. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound was used to follow tumor perfusion levels in mouse tumor models at times after vaccinia therapy. It was observed that revascularization after viral therapy was dramatically delayed and did not occur until after viral clearance. This indicated that oncolytic vaccinia may possess a previously undescribed antiangiogenic potential that might synergize with the reported anti‐vascular effects. Despite a rapid loss of perfusion and widespread hypoxia within the tumor, it was observed that VEGF levels in the tumor were suppressed throughout the period of active viral infection. Although tumor vasculature could eventually reform after the viral therapy was cleared in mouse models, anti‐tumor effects could be significantly enhanced through additional combination with anti‐VEGF therapies. This was initially examined using a gene therapy approach (Ad‐Flk1‐Fc) to target VEGF directly, demonstrating that the timing of application of the antiangiogenic therapy was critical. However, it is also known that oncolytic vaccinia sensitizes tumors to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in the clinic through an unknown mechanism. It is possible this phenomenon may be mediated through the antiangiogenic effects of the TKIs. This was modeled in mouse tumors using sunitinib in combination with oncolytic vaccinia. It was observed that prevention of angiogenesis mediated by oncolytic vaccinia can be utilized to enhance the TKI therapy.
Oncolytic Virotherapy, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Indoles, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Mice, Nude, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Vaccinia virus, Genetic Therapy, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Mice, Oncolytic Viruses, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Sunitinib, Animals, Humans, Pyrroles, Enzyme Inhibitors
Oncolytic Virotherapy, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Indoles, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Mice, Nude, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Vaccinia virus, Genetic Therapy, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Mice, Oncolytic Viruses, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Sunitinib, Animals, Humans, Pyrroles, Enzyme Inhibitors
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 57 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
