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Hydrological Processes
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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Submarine Groundwater Discharge at a Mega‐Tidal Beach

Authors: Raymond D. Craddock; Aaron A. Mohammed; Joseph J. Tamborski; Barret L. Kurylyk;

Submarine Groundwater Discharge at a Mega‐Tidal Beach

Abstract

ABSTRACTTidally influenced groundwater systems in coastal environments represent important mixing zones of fresh groundwater and circulating seawater, manifesting as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Water circulation induced by tidal pumping enhances the exchange of chemicals between aquifers and coastal waters and thereby influences the biogeochemistry of coastal zones. Here, we report the results of an SGD field study conducted at a steep, mega‐tidal sand and gravel beach along the Canadian coast of the Bay of Fundy, a region with the world's highest tides (semi‐diurnal tidal ranges exceeding 10 m). Several physical and geochemical measurement techniques were employed to document the spatiotemporal SGD variability. SGD was directly sampled from seepage meters installed over multiple tidal cycles and two summer campaigns. SGD rates were estimated from tracer mass balances for radon (August 2020) and radium isotopes (July 2021) over multiple tidal cycles. Tidally averaged SGD estimates from seepage meters ranged from 12 to 87 cm d−1, with an average of 42 cm d−1, while radon tracing yielded a tidally averaged rate of 86 cm d−1. SGD estimates from radium tracing ranged from 23 to 43 cm d−1 along the shoreline and 6 to 71 cm d−1 offshore, depending on the estimated residence times. Radionuclide analyses of seepage meter waters suggest that the residence time of seawater circulation through the aquifer is less than 1 day. SGD measurements in mega‐tidal settings are rare, and the results suggest that the combination of the steep slopes, highly permeable sediments and high tidal range drive very high seepage rates for diffusive SGD. Salinity gradients in the intertidal zone demonstrate that SGD is primarily comprised of circulated seawater with negligible fresh groundwater. Although the freshwater proportion of SGD is relatively low, the large volumetric rates of total SGD can still contribute large amounts of terrestrially derived and remineralized nutrients to coastal waters.

Country
United States
Related Organizations
Keywords

Seawater circulation, Submarine groundwater discharge, 550, Beaches, Radon isotopes, Radium isotopes, Intertidal zone, Tidal cycles, Mega-tidal beach, Tides, Coastal zone, Water discharge, Tracing, Isotopes, Tracers, Chemical analysis, Groundwater, Analytical geochemistry, Coastal aquifiers, seepage, Intertidal environment, Biogeochemistry, Tidal circulation, Inland water environment, Radon, Measurement techniques, Coastal waters, Measuring instruments, Radium, Gravel, Groundwater discharge, 333, Sediments, seepage meter, Freshwater, Ocean-aquifier interactions, Tidal range, Seawater, Aquifiers, Groundwater geochemistry, Radioisotopes, Sand & gravel, Residence time, Nutrients, Water analysis, Water circulation, Coastal zones, coastal hydrogeology, Salinity gradients, Coastal environments, Estimates, Offshore

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
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