AbstractSummary: Genome projects and associated technologies are now being established for mosquito species that are vectors of human disease. The recent announcement of an award by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to Celera Genomics to sequence the Anopheles gambiae genome will further accelerate the completion of the sequencing of this genome. Completion of the An. gambiae sequence will mean that the genomes of all three organisms involved in the transmission of falciparum malaria—the mosquito, the parasite, and the human—will have been sequenced. This will greatly facilitate the identification of genes and pathways involved in the transmission of malaria. The recent genetic transformation of An. gambiae with the piggyBac transposable element and the transformation of another important malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi using the Minos element, now provide researchers with powerful tools with which to genetically manipulate these medically important vector species. Here we review the recent progress made in the extension of contemporary tools of modern genetics and genomics into these medically important insects. genesis 32:42–48, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.