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Food Safety and Health
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Effectiveness of Unripe Plantain Peel on Tenderization of Beef and Okra as a Potential Substitute for Saltpeter

Authors: Mawumefa Akusika Diaba; Isaac Baidoo; Bernad T. Odai; Elom Achoribo; Shadrack Donkor; Sandra Agbenyegah; Christian Brown‐Appiah; +3 Authors

Effectiveness of Unripe Plantain Peel on Tenderization of Beef and Okra as a Potential Substitute for Saltpeter

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis research seeks to examine the effect of unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate on the tenderness of beef and okra as a potential substitute for saltpeter. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, important elemental particles were estimated while the texture profile of treated okra and beef was assessed using the TA‐XT Plus Micro System Texture Analyzer. The results indicated that unripe plantain peel ash contains Na, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg in concentrations ranging from 1.97 ± 0.34 to 726.03 mg/L. The unripe plantain peel ash tenderized okra and beef better than its filtrate. Hardness analysis of boiled beef showed no significant difference between the control and the samples boiled with unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate. For texture, the control okra sample was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the samples boiled with unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate. It can be concluded that the unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate, containing elements such as Na, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg within FAO/WHO permissible limits (Na: 1500 mg/L, K: 2500 mg/L, Ca: 1000 mg/L, Fe: 0.3 mg/L, and Mg: 400 mg/L), are suitable substitutes for saltpeter as tenderizing agents.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
hybrid