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Epilepsia Open
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
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Epilepsia Open
Article . 2025
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Dynamic electro‐clinical features in Guanidinoacetate N‐methyltransferase deficiency: A familial case series

Authors: Mariapaola Schifino; Emanuele Bartolini; Stefano Pagano; Camilla Meossi; Rosa Pasquariello; Roberta Battini;

Dynamic electro‐clinical features in Guanidinoacetate N‐methyltransferase deficiency: A familial case series

Abstract

Abstract Guanidinoacetate N‐methyltransferase deficiency is an inborn error of creatine metabolism, responsible for the absent conversion of guanidinoacetic acid into creatine, resulting in cerebral creatine deficit. It could present a variety of symptoms such as neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, movement disorder (ataxia, dystonia, and chorea), and behavioral disturbances. After intellectual disability, epilepsy is the second most frequent expression of the disorder, usually arising during infancy with febrile seizures that are typically followed by generalized seizures and electroencephalographic anomalies. Herein, we describe three siblings with the same homozygous truncating variant in GAMT , all of whom showed significant global developmental delay during early infancy. The eldest two developed initially neglected atypical absences, preceded by focal motor seizures in the older brother, with complete remission with antiseizure medications and dietary treatment. Despite seizure freedom, during follow‐up, both developed overt focal epileptiform discharges that have persisted after 2 years of creatine supplementation. Neither seizures nor electroencephalographic abnormalities were noted in the youngest brother who took advantage of an earlier diagnosis and treatment. The dynamic electroclinical pattern we observed has never been reported beforehand. Further studies are needed to assess the long‐term prognosis of epilepsy in patients who have introduced dietary treatment after the seizure onset. Plain Language Summary GAMT deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that prevents the brain from getting enough creatine, leading to developmental delay, seizures, movement disorders, and behavior problems. This condition often starts in infancy with seizures in fever and can be partially limited by creatine supplementation. In this paper, we present three siblings with the same mutation. The older two had seizures that improved with treatment, but their brain activity remained abnormal. The youngest, diagnosed and treated earlier with supplementation, did not develop epilepsy. More research is needed to understand electro‐clinical features of this condition and the long‐term effects of early or late dietary treatment.

Keywords

Male, Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Siblings, Electroencephalography, Creatine, Child, Preschool, Short Research Article, Humans, Female, Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase, Language Development Disorders, Child

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
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