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European Journal of Immunology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by a Noncoding Oligonucleotide

Authors: Kamal, Kahkashan; Trumbo, James; Richardsdotter‐Andersson, Elina; Wahren‐Herlenius, Marie; Spetz, Anna‐Lena;

Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by a Noncoding Oligonucleotide

Abstract

ABSTRACT Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) that dampen T cell responses can be induced from blood monocytes in vitro using factors such as Vitamin D3 (VitD), dexamethasone, IL‐10, or rapamycin. However, challenges remain in obtaining robust and efficient generation of cell therapy‐based tolDCs without compromising their viability. We recently reported that CCR2‐dependent recruitment of monocytic cells, with the capacity to dampen T‐helper responses, occurs in mice treated with a single‐stranded oligonucleotide (ssON). Here, we investigated the effects of this immunomodulatory noncoding ssON on differentiating human monocytes towards DC in the presence of IL‐4 and GM‐CSF (moDC). The moDC differentiated in the presence of ssON upregulated CD1a but also increased their expression of PD‐L1. The differentiation of monocytes to moDC in the presence of ssON introduced transcriptomic changes, many of which overlapped with VitD‐moDC and resulted in moDCs with altered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐responsiveness. Moreover, ssON‐moDC exhibited a low capacity to stimulate alloreactive T cells in vitro and instead promoted the induction of CD4 + FoxP3 + CD25 + T cells. Experiments using chemical reagents support a role for PPAR‐γ in the generation of ssON‐moDC. Collectively, our data show that monocytes differentiated with IL‐4, GM‐CSF, and ssON generate cells with phenotypic and functional characteristics of tolDCs.

Keywords

Oligonucleotides, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells, Lymphocyte Activation, Innate Immunity, Monocytes, B7-H1 Antigen, Antigens, CD1, Immune Tolerance, Humans, Interleukin-4, Cells, Cultured

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid