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Ecology and Evolution
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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PubMed Central
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
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Top‐predator carrion is scary: Fight‐and‐flight responses of wild boars to wolf carcasses

Authors: Daniel Redondo‐Gómez; Luca Rossi; Mattia Cardello; Soraya De Pasquale; Carlos Martínez‐Carrasco; José A. Sánchez‐Zapata; Marcos Moleón;

Top‐predator carrion is scary: Fight‐and‐flight responses of wild boars to wolf carcasses

Abstract

AbstractPredation risk largely constrains prey behavior. However, whether predators may be scary also after death remains unexplored. Here, we describe the “fight‐and‐flight” responses of a prey, the wild boar (Sus scrofa), to carcasses of (a) its main predator, the gray wolf (Canis lupus) and (b) a carnivore that very rarely kills wild boars, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), in the western Alps (Italy). We recorded the behavior of wild boars at 10 wolf and 9 fox carcass sites. We found eight “fight‐and‐flight” responses toward wolf carcasses, and none toward fox carcasses. Our results suggest that carnivore carcasses may indeed be scary; fear responses toward them are dependent on the species to which the carcass belongs; and animals approaching the carcasses are feared mainly when the latter are relatively fresh. This emphasizes the multiple and complex roles that carrion plays in the landscape of fear and opens exciting ecological, epidemiological, and evolutionary research avenues.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Antipredator responses, Predator avoidance, Objetivo 15: Bosques, desertificación y diversidad biológica, Landscape of fear, Prey behavior, Predation risk, Canis lupus, Nature Notes

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold
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