Abstract Salt cavern hydrogen storage (SCHS) is an important component of large‐scale underground hydrogen storage, with advantages such as large hydrogen storage capacity and economic feasibility. However, the uniqueness of the salt cavern structure and the inherent high risk of hydrogen storage pose a potential leakage risk. This study aims to assess the leakage risk of salt cavern hydrogen storage through a comprehensive assessment. First, the three major influencing factors of leakage risk are summarized, taking into account the unique engineering, geological conditions, and operating conditions of salt cavern storage. Subsequently, the salt cavern hydrogen storage leakage risk evaluation index system was established, and the weights of the evaluation indexes were assigned using the combination assignment method. On the basis of the two‐dimensional cloud model, a new leakage risk assessment method was proposed. In addition, the risk level assessment of the salt cavern hydrogen storage facility proposed to be constructed in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, was carried out. Finally, corresponding risk control and preventive measures are proposed. The results of the study are useful and instructive for the safe construction of deep salt cavern hydrogen storage.