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Drug Testing and Analysis
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
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QuEChERS as alternative extraction procedure in doping analyses

Authors: Daniel Derwand; Sebastian Rzeppa; Sven C. Voss; Annette Zschiesche; Annekathrin M. Keiler;

QuEChERS as alternative extraction procedure in doping analyses

Abstract

AbstractQuEChERS is a dispersive solid phase extraction commonly applied in food analysis for residues, such as pesticides or mycotoxins for more than 20 years. Due to the quick and easy sample preparation procedure, a QuEChERS method based on ammonium acetate combined with formic acid in acetonitrile was tested for the preparation of urine samples for doping control purposes. Testing urine samples with different pH and specific gravity, using the combination of 10 M ammonium acetate with 3% formic acid in acetonitrile, 312 out of 342 tested compounds could be extracted at their respective minimum required performance levels according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) technical documents. For nine selected analytes representing six categories of WADA's Prohibited List, we validated the QuEChERS extraction method fulfilling WADA's requirements for a confirmation procedure of the nonthreshold substances investigated. Especially for the intact stanozolol‐glucuronides analyzed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, the described extraction method might be an alternative for confirmation procedures as it is time‐ and cost‐saving compared with the commonly applied solid phase extraction.

Countries
Germany, Germany
Keywords

ddc:796, Doping in Sports, ddc:610, Acetonitriles, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/793, Formates, ddc:793, Solid Phase Extraction, 610, Acetates, dispersive solid phase extraction, HIF activating agent, stanozolol-glucuronides, Substance Abuse Detection, Glucuronides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Limit of Detection, 615, Humans, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/796, Stanozolol, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid