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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Drug Testing and Ana...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Drug Testing and Analysis
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
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Cocaine and benzoylecgonine oral fluid on‐site screening and confirmation

Authors: Kayla N, Ellefsen; Marta, Concheiro; Sandrine, Pirard; David A, Gorelick; Marilyn A, Huestis;

Cocaine and benzoylecgonine oral fluid on‐site screening and confirmation

Abstract

Accurate on‐site devices to screen for drug intake are critical for establishing whether an individual is driving under the influence of drugs (DUID); however, on‐site oral fluid (OF) cocaine device performance is variable. We evaluated the performance of a newly developed benzoylecgonine (BE) test‐strip for the Draeger® DrugTest 5000 device (20 µg/L cut‐off) with equivalent cross reactivity for cocaine and BE. Ten cocaine users provided OF, collected with the Draeger cassette and Oral‐Eze® and StatSure Saliva SamplerTM devices, up to 69 h following 25 mg intravenous cocaine administration. All screening results were confirmed by a validated two‐dimensional‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (2D‐GC‐MS) method for cocaine and/or BE. Cocaine test‐strip median Tlast for screening only results was 6.5 h, and 6.5 h with Oral‐Eze® and 4 h for StatSure OF confirmation for cocaine and/or BE at 1, 8, and 10 µg/L; sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency ranged from 85.5 to 100% and 83.3 to 100% for cocaine only confirmation at 8 and 10 µg/L. For the BE test‐strip, median Tlast was 12.5 h for screening only and confirmation for cocaine and/or BE at all three cut‐offs; sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency ranged from 85.5 to 97.5% and 78.4 to 97.4% with cocaine and/or BE confirmation at 8 and 10 µg/L cut‐offs, respectively. The Draeger cocaine test‐strip with cocaine only confirmation offers a useful option for monitoring the acute intoxication phase of DUID; additionally the BE test‐strip with cocaine and/or BE confirmation increases the length of detection of cocaine intake for workplace drug testing, drug court, parole, pain management, drug treatment programs and both the acute cocaine intoxication and cocaine crash/fatigue phase of DUID. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords

Adult, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Substance Abuse Detection, Cocaine, Humans, Female, Saliva

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Average
Average
Top 10%
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