3D printing technology is a novel technique characterized by manufacturing flexibility, customizable geometric shapes, low cost, and high efficiency, playing a significant role in battery manufacturing and optimization of battery performance. In light of the critical importance and broad prospects of 3D printing in this field, this study summarizes the current research status and practical applications of 3D printing in battery design and production. It begins by introducing the basic principles of various 3D printing technologies and the fundamental structure of batteries, followed by a focus on the application status of 3D printing technology in the preparation of battery components and fully printed batteries. Finally, it highlights the challenges currently faced by 3D printing in the battery sector and discusses future research directions.