AbstractImmunofluorescence and phase‐contrast microscopic studies of goldfish xanthophores with aggregated or dispersed pigment show two unusual features. First, immunofluorescence studies with anti‐actin show punctate structures instead of filaments. These punctate structures are unique for the xanthophores and are absent from both goldfish dermal no‐pigment cells and a dedifferentiated cell line (GEM‐81) derived from a goldfish xanthophore tumor. Comparison of immunofluorescence and phase‐contrast microscopic images with electron microscopic images of thin sections and of Triton‐insoluble cytoskeletons show that these punctate structures represent pterinosomes with radiating F‐actin. The high local concentration of actin around the pterinosomes results in strong localized fluorescence such that, when the images have proper brightness for these structures, individual actin filaments elsewhere in the cell are too weak in their fluorescence to be visible in the micrographs. Second, whereas immunofluorescence images with anti‐tubulin show typical patterns in xanthophores with either aggregated or dispersed pigment, namely, filaments radiating out from the microtubule organizing center, immunofluorescence images with anti‐actin or with anti‐intermediate filament proteins show different patterns in xanthophores with aggregated versus dispersed pigment. In cells with dispersed pigment, the punctate structrues seen with anti‐actin are relatively evenly distributed in the cytoplasm, and intermediate filaments appear usually as a dense perinuclear band and long filaments elsewhere in the cytoplasm. In cells with aggregated pigment, both intermediate filaments and pterinosomes with associated actin are largely excluded from the space occupied by the pigment aggregate, and the band of intermediate filaments surrounds not only the nucleus but also the pigment aggregate. The patterns of distribution of the different cytoskeleton components, together with previous results from this laboratory, indicate that formation of the pigment aggregate depends at least in part on the interaction between pigment organelles and microtubules. The possibility that intermediate filaments may play a role in the formation/stabilization of the pigment aggregate is discussed.