AbstractPatients presenting with in‐stent restenosis have an increased risk of need for repeat intervention. Intracoronary brachytherapy is indicated for these patients to prevent recurrent in‐stent restenosis. Three intravascular brachytherapy systems are currently FDA‐approved for use in patients: one utilizing gamma‐radiation (Cordis) and two using beta‐radiation (Novoste and Guidant). Current evidence and labeling do not support using intracoronary brachytherapy for prevention of restenosis in de novo lesions. Brachytherapy is absolutely contraindicated in patients unable to take prolonged combination antiplatelet drugs. Aspirin and a thienopyridine should be taken for 6 months if no new stent is placed and 12 months if a new stent is placed. If possible, new stent implementation should be avoided. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:281–288. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.