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ChemBioChem
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ChemBioChem
Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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ChemBioChem
Article . 2009
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Polymeric ADAM Protein Mimics Interrogate Mammalian Sperm–Egg Binding

Authors: Younjoo, Lee; Nicole S, Sampson;

Polymeric ADAM Protein Mimics Interrogate Mammalian Sperm–Egg Binding

Abstract

AbstractROMPing with the ADAMs family: The sperm‐surface display of egg adhesion proteins was investigated using multivalent polymer sperm mimics. Ruthenium‐catalyzed ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was used to synthesize heterovalent polymers.magnified imageThe sperm proteins ADAM2 and ADAM3, members of the ADAM family of proteins, have been implicated in mammalian sperm–egg binding. However, elucidating their roles is complex because of the interdependence of ADAM protein expression in the testis. Hence, multivalent probes containing the three‐amino acid binding sequence of ADAM2, glutamate‐cysteine‐aspartate (ECD), and ADAM3, glutamine‐cysteine‐aspartate (QCD), were designed, synthesized, and tested to investigate gamete interactions. In this work, ECD polymer mimics were synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization with a faster initiating ruthenium catalyst than previously used. Polymers containing 100 copies of the ECD peptide mimic were found to be the best inhibitors of fertilization. The multivalent QCD polymers were also tested as inhibitors of fertilization. The structure‐activity profile was the same as ECD polymers, but the overall potency was lower. Both ECD and QCD polymers require the presence of β1 integrin to inhibit fertilization. Next, triblock ABA and ABC copolymers containing both ECD and QCD ligands were synthesized with 96 monomer spacers as their B blocks. Although these polymers had lower densities of ECD and QCD peptides, their potencies correlated with the potencies of their corresponding homopolymers. In addition, no synergy between ECD and QCD mimics was observed. All the data suggest that QCD and ECD bind to the same complex of proteins that includes β1 integrin.

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Keywords

Male, Mice, Knockout, Sperm-Ovum Interactions, Molecular Structure, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Molecular Mimicry, Spermatozoa, ADAM Proteins, Mice, Fertilization, Animals, Protein Isoforms, Female, Ovum

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Average
Average
Top 10%
bronze