AbstractFour new sesquiterpenoids named atrchiterpenes A–D (1–4), a new natural product (5), and twelve known compounds (6–17) were isolated from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Compound 1 was a rare N‐containing eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenoid. Structure elucidation was performed by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D, 2D NMR spectra, and HR‐ESI‐MS. Compounds 6–11, 14, and 17 were reported from Atractylodes for the first time. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity activity. Compound 16 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 5.81±0.47.