AbstractThe active metabolites investigation of Talaromyces sp. (strain No. MH551540) associated with Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla afforded one new δ‐lactone, talaromycin A (1), together with six known compounds, clearanol A (2), 6‐methylbiphenyl‐3,3′,4,5′‐tetraol (3), desmethylaltenusin (4), ergone (5), ergosterol (6), and palmitic acid (7). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic‐data interpretation and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The cytotoxicities of 1–7 and the antioxidant activities of 3 and 4 were also evaluated.