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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Behavioral Sciencearrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Behavioral Science
Article . 1965 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Living systems: Cross-level hypotheses

Authors: J G, Miller;

Living systems: Cross-level hypotheses

Abstract

The preceding article considered salient characteristics of the subsystem and system-wide processes which generally occur at all levels of living systems. Using the concepts developed in that article, the present exposition states 165 hypotheses that may be applicable to two or more levels of living systems. Some are original with the author. Some have previously been proposed by other writers, usually as applying to systems at one level only, and often to only one type of system. These cross-level hypotheses, if supported by empirical evidence, can be very powerful in generating general theory of living systems, so long as differences among the various levels, types, and individual cases are taken into account. The numbered divisions of this paper deal with the same topics as do similarly numbered sections in the preceding article. Certain sections are omitted here because no material relevant to their topics was found.

Keywords

Behavior, Information Theory, Humans

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
51
Average
Top 1%
Top 10%
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