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Biomedical Chromatography
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Article . 2025
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Simultaneous Determination of Glibenclamide, Metoprolol Tartrate, and Phenol Red Using HPLC‐PDA: Application in Rat Intestinal Permeability Studies and Its Greenness Assessment Using NEMI, Analytical Eco‐Scale, GAPI, MoGAPI, AGREE, AGREEprep, RAPI, BAGI, and CACI

Authors: Murat Soyseven; Mustafa Sinan Kaynak; Berna Kaval; Mustafa Çelebier; Emrah Aygeyik; Fargana Musayeva; Burcu Sezgin; +1 Authors

Simultaneous Determination of Glibenclamide, Metoprolol Tartrate, and Phenol Red Using HPLC‐PDA: Application in Rat Intestinal Permeability Studies and Its Greenness Assessment Using NEMI, Analytical Eco‐Scale, GAPI, MoGAPI, AGREE, AGREEprep, RAPI, BAGI, and CACI

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study presents the development and validation of an environmentally friendly HPLC‐PDA method for the simultaneous determination of glibenclamide (GLB), metoprolol tartrate (MET), and phenol red (PR). The method was optimized to ensure high trueness, precision, and robustness, adhering to ICH guidelines. The pKa of GLB was determined using reverse‐phase HPLC under varying pH conditions, providing valuable insights into its physicochemical properties and enhancing its pharmaceutical formulation potential. Intestinal permeability studies of GLB, conducted via the in situ Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) technique, validated the method's applicability in biological systems. In addition to analytical performance, the environmental sustainability of the method was assessed using green metrics, including the Analytical Eco‐Scale, GAPI, MoGAPI, AGREE, AGREEprep RAPI, BAGI, and CACI. The method achieved high scores, reflecting its alignment with the principles of green analytical chemistry and its minimal ecological impact. This dual focus on analytical rigor and environmental responsibility emphasizes the method's potential for broader applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical research. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing efforts in developing sustainable analytical methodologies. Future research could explore its applicability to other pharmaceutical compounds and expand its use in complex matrices, further promoting environmentally conscious practices in analytical chemistry.

Country
Turkey
Keywords

Male, Reproducibility of Results, Green Chemistry Technology, Intestinal Barrier Function, Permeability, Rats, Phenolsulfonphthalein, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Limit of Detection, Glyburide, Linear Models, Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Metoprolol

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    9
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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