Abstract A series of 58 cases of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia following blunt and penetrating injury is reviewed. The problems of radiodiagnosis are outlined and the need for barium contrast studies of the entire gastrointestinal tract to ensure recognition of isolated small bowel herniation is emphasized. Surgical access via laparotomy is recommended in the immediate post-traumatic presentation, whereas thoracotomy is preferable in cases diagnosed after a latent interval. Penetrating injury resulted in smaller diaphragmatic defects, greater morbidity and higher mortality due mainly to infective complications.