AbstractThe in vitro culture of human hematopoietic cells has many research and therapeutic applications. Traditionally, human hematopoietic cultures have been conducted using serum‐containing media. The disadvantages inherent in the use of serum could be eliminated by the use of serum‐free media. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current status of serum‐free media for both mature and immature human hematopoietic cells. The mature hematopoietic cells discussed are of lymphoid (e.g., lymphokine activated killer cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) and myeloid origin (e.g., monocytes/macrophages). The cultures of immature hematopoietic cells discussed are clonogenic and long‐term cultures. In addition, we briefly review the types of human hematopoietic cells, their clinical applications, and the basic strategies and components used to formulate serum‐free media, Finally, we outline future requirements and directions in the development of serum‐free media for primitive hematopoietic cells.