
AbstractNetwork motifs are small patterns of connections, found over‐represented in gene regulatory networks. An example is the negative feedback loop (e.g. factor A represses itself). This opposes its own state so that when ‘on’ it tends towards ‘off’ – and vice versa. Here, we argue that such self‐opposition, if considered dimensionlessly, is analogous to the liar paradox: ‘This statement is false’. When ‘true’ it implies ‘false’ – and vice versa. Such logical constructs have provided philosophical consternation for over 2000 years. Extending the analogy, other network topologies give strikingly varying outputs over different dimensions. For example, the motif ‘A activates B and A. B inhibits A’ can give switches or oscillators with time only, or can lead to Turing‐type patterns with both space and time (spots, stripes or waves). It is argued here that the dimensionless form reduces to a variant of ‘The following statement is true. The preceding statement is false’. Thus, merely having a static topological description of a gene network can lead to a liar paradox. Network diagrams are only snapshots of dynamic biological processes and apparent paradoxes can reveal important biological mechanisms that are far from paradoxical when considered explicitly in time and space.
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Deception, PREDICTION, Physiological, feedback, Models, Biological, MECHANISMS, 17 Psychology And Cognitive Sciences, MOTIFS, Models, oscillator, Problems and Paradigms, Animals, Humans, PROTEIN INTERACTION NETWORK, Gene Regulatory Networks, Biology, Feedback, Physiological, Science & Technology, TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION, TOGGLE SWITCH, systems biology, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, 06 Biological Sciences, Biological, RHYTHMS, BIOLOGICAL PATTERN-FORMATION, ESCHERICHIA-COLI, gene network, liar paradox, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Developmental Biology, Signal Transduction
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Deception, PREDICTION, Physiological, feedback, Models, Biological, MECHANISMS, 17 Psychology And Cognitive Sciences, MOTIFS, Models, oscillator, Problems and Paradigms, Animals, Humans, PROTEIN INTERACTION NETWORK, Gene Regulatory Networks, Biology, Feedback, Physiological, Science & Technology, TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION, TOGGLE SWITCH, systems biology, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, 06 Biological Sciences, Biological, RHYTHMS, BIOLOGICAL PATTERN-FORMATION, ESCHERICHIA-COLI, gene network, liar paradox, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Developmental Biology, Signal Transduction
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| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
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