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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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The functional and psychological burden of empty nose syndrome

Authors: Jamil Manji; Jayakar V. Nayak; Andrew Thamboo;

The functional and psychological burden of empty nose syndrome

Abstract

BackgroundEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is a debilitating disorder thought to arise as a postsurgical phenomenon from excessive loss of nasal tissues. Affected patients often report a profound impact on all aspects of life, but the extent of this burden has not been quantified. We sought to determine the association of ENS with mental health and functional impairments.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed of individuals with ENS recruited from online ENS forums. ENS status was validated based on a positive 6‐item Empty Nose Syndrome Questionnaire (ENS6Q) score and sinus computed tomography imaging or supporting medical documentation. Subjects completed the ENS6Q, the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) for depression, the 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD‐7), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for daytime somnolence (ESS), the Work Productivity and Impairment questionnaire (WPAI), and the 5‐dimension EuroQol General Health State Survey (EQ‐5D‐5L). Pearson correlation analysis was performed with α = 0.05 to determine significance.ResultsFifty‐three ENS individuals were included in the study. Overall, participants reported symptoms consistent with moderate anxiety (μ = 12.7; standard deviation [SD], 5.9) and moderately severe depression warranting treatment (μ = 17.9; SD, 6.8). Participants also noted a 62% reduction in productivity at work (n = 24) and 65% in all other activities (n = 53). ENS6Q symptom severity was correlated with more severe depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), overall pain/discomfort (p = 0.002), and impairment in activities of daily living (p = 0.003).ConclusionENS individuals carry a clinically significant psychological burden and experience marked difficulties with many activities of daily living. A multimodal approach to address the tissue loss with surgery and cognitive‐behavioral therapy for the psychological burden may provide the most optimal outcome.

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Keywords

Adult, Male, Depressive Disorder, Syndrome, Middle Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cost of Illness, Surveys and Questionnaires, Activities of Daily Living, Nose Diseases, Humans, Female

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
65
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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