Recently, consumer electronics have moved toward data‐centric applications due to the development of smart electronic devices. Moreover, electronic devices have become highly portable, wearable, and lightweight. These devices require flexible data storage with high density. Furthermore, with the growing demand for larger memory capacity, faster processing speed, and complex data computation, neuromorphic devices have emerged as the next‐generation memory technologies. To meet the needs of next‐generation memory devices, memory devices based on emerging materials such as 2D, electrochemical, and perovskite materials are suggested. Herein, the recent progress in emerging materials‐based memory devices for flexible and neuromorphic device applications is reviewed. First, the functions and mechanisms of emerging material‐based memory devices are described. Second, applications for emerging material‐based memory devices are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the emerging material‐based memory devices are discussed.