AbstractBackgroundLittle research is available regarding the treatments combining surgical resection with systemic chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm patients. We retrospectively elucidated whether sunitinib administration before surgery in advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (Pan‐NEN) patients increases survival.MethodsThis study included 106 of 326 Pan‐NEN patients with distant metastases and/or unresectable locally advanced tumors who visited our department to receive sunitinib for more than 1 mo during April 2002 to December 2019. Risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were analyzed.ResultsThe median duration of preoperative sunitinib administration and observation time after sunitinib were 6 and 26.5 mo, respectively. Of 106 patients, 31 (29.2%) underwent surgery following sunitinib administration. Hepatectomy, synchronous hepatopancreatectomy, pancreatectomy, and lymphadenectomy were performed for 13, 12, 5, and 1 patient, respectively. The 5‐y OS rates in the resected and nonresected groups were 88.9% and 14.1%, respectively (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, the absence of surgical resection following sunitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 13.1; P = .001), poor differentiation (HR, 5.5; P = .007), and bilateral liver metastases (HR, 3.7; P = .048) were independent risk factors for OS, although large liver tumor volumes were more evident in the nonresected group, as patient characteristics. The median DFS was 16.1 mo in 22 patients who underwent R0/1 resections, and risk factors for postoperative recurrence were Ki‐67 index >7.8% (HR, 7.4; P = .02) and R1 resection (HR, 4.4; P = .04).ConclusionSurgical resection after sunitinib administration improved OS in advanced Pan‐NENs.