AbstractObjectiveHuman ABO blood groups are determined by the alleles A, B, and O (O01 and O02) of the ABO gene and have been linked to the risks for cardiovascular diseases and cancers that affect lifespan.We examined the genetic associations of the ABO gene and blood groups with longevity.MethodsWe inspected the frequencies of the A, B, O, and O02 alleles in a large Chinese centenarian population (n = 2201) and in middle‐aged controls (n = 2330). The single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as allele A (rs507666), B (rs8176743, rs8176746, and rs8176749), O (rs687289), and O02 (rs688976, rs549446, and rs512770).ResultsSupported by allelic and genotypic association studies, the frequencies of blood types A, B, O, and AB in centenarian versus control participants were not statistically different: 0.2821 versus 0.2781 (χ2 = 0.09, P = 0.76), 0.2867 versus 0.3060 (χ2 = 2.03, P = 0.15), 0.3380 versus 0.3159 (χ2 = 2.52, P = 0.11), and 0.0859 versus 0.0910 (χ2 = 0.37, P = 0.54), respectively. Sex had little effect on these distributions.ConclusionIntegrated with other previous reports, we conclude from this large Chinese cohort that genetic variants of the ABO gene and blood groups are not associated with longevity.