AbstractCancer is one of the most intractable diseases owing to its high mortality rate and lack of effective diagnostic and treatment tools. Advancements in micro‐/nanorobot (MNR)‐assisted sensing, imaging, and therapeutics offer unprecedented opportunities to develop MNR‐based cancer theragnostic platforms. Unlike ordinary nanoparticles, which exhibit Brownian motion in biofluids, MNRs overcome viscous resistance in an ultralow Reynolds number (Re << 1) environment by effective self‐propulsion. This unique locomotion property has motivated the advanced design and functionalization of MNRs as a basis for next‐generation cancer‐therapy platforms, which offer the potential for precise distribution and improved permeation of therapeutic agents. Enhanced barrier penetration, imaging‐guided operation, and biosensing are additionally studied to enable the promising cancer‐related applications of MNRs. Herein, the recent advances in MNR‐based cancer therapy are comprehensively addresses, including actuation engines, diagnostics, medical imaging, and targeted drug delivery; promising research opportunities that can have a profound impact on cancer therapy over the next decade is highlighted.