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Feasibility of Long-Term Passive Monitoring of Deep Hydrogeology with Flowing Fluid Electric Conductivity Logging Method

Authors: Prabhakar Sharma; Chin-Fu Tsang; Christine Doughty; Auli Niemi; Jacob Bensabat;

Feasibility of Long-Term Passive Monitoring of Deep Hydrogeology with Flowing Fluid Electric Conductivity Logging Method

Abstract

The flowing fluid electrical conductivity (FFEC) logging method has been used in deep boreholes to obtain estimates for the transmissivity, salinity of formation water, hydraulic head, and formation water flow rate of hydraulically conducting layers. In this paper, we proposed a modified FFEC logging procedure, involving a setup of a string of EC/T probes in the borehole, to passively monitor long-term temporal changes in local flow rates in a brine formation composed of multiple layers with different transmissivities over a period of months or years. The local flows in the layers can vary over time, for instance, as a result of seasonal or climatic changes. In the case of supercritical CO2 storage in the deep subsurface, the local flow pattern of the storage formation will be disturbed and furthermore it may change with time as the low density and low viscosity CO2 enters more and more into the transmissive layers and interacts with in situ water and rock. The present paper explores the possibility of using the FFEC method for such long-term monitoring in an observation well. The feasibility is demonstrated with field data from the Outokumpu test site in Finland.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
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