List of Contributors Foreword Angelos Metaxas Foreword Greg Huang Acknowledgments 1 Etiology of open-bite malocclusion Karina Freitas and Rodrigo Cancado Environmental factors Deleterious habits Pacifier and thumb-sucking Anterior tongue posture and tongue thrust Mouth breathing Upper respiratory obstacles Lower respiratory obstacles Traumatisms Genetic factors Growth pattern Pathologies Craniofacial anomalies References 2 Open-bite treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentitions Guilherme Janson and Fabricio Valarelli Overbite measurement Treatment in the deciduous dentition Treatment in the mixed dentition Open bite associated with different types of malocclusions Open-bite and Class I malocclusions Open bite associated to Class II and III malocclusions Open-bite and Class II malocclusions Open-bite and Class III malocclusions Treatment stability in the deciduous and mixed dentitions References 3 Open-bite treatment in the permanent dentition Guilherme Janson and Fabricio Valarelli Differential diagnosis Open-bite nonextraction treatment Usual clinical procedures Additional procedures during treatment to aid in open-bite closure Mesial angulation of the attachments Association of tongue crib or spurs during treatment Reversing and accentuating the curve of spee Clinical cases Class I malocclusions Class II malocclusions Class III malocclusions Stability of nonextraction open-bite treatment Open-bite treatment with extractions Clinical cases Class I malocclusions Class II malocclusions Stability of extraction open-bite treatment Stability of extraction versus nonextraction open-bite treatment Treatment of open bite with occlusal adjustment Clinical procedure Patient selection Cephalometric changes expected with the procedure Functional occlusion changes Dentinal sensitivity Clinical considerations Stability of open-bite treatment with occlusal adjustment Open-bite treatment and root resorption Clinical implications References 4 Open-bite correction with posterior teeth intrusion Sergio Barros and Daniela Garib Introduction Types of skeletal anchorage for open-bite correction Skeletal anchorage positioning for molar intrusion Molar intrusion mechanics with skeletal anchorage Dentoskeletal effects of molar intrusion for open-bite closure Open-bite correction with skeletal anchorage, conventional mechanics, and orthognathic surgery: a critical analysis Clinical cases Stability of anterior open-bite treatment by posterior teeth intrusion Clinical cases References 5 Orthodontic-surgical treatment of anterior open bite Eduardo Sant ana, Marcos Janson, and Roberto Bombonatti Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment of skeletal anterior open bite Orthodontic-surgical preparation to correct skeletal anterior open bite Diagnosis of skeletal anterior open bite Stages of combined orthodontic-surgical treatment Treatment planning Orthodontic treatment Presurgical impression and revaluation of dental positioning Presurgical records and definite treatment planning Plaster model surgery and construction of an intermediary splint Orthognathic surgery Bracket rebonding, finishing procedures, and appliance removal Retention and final records Stability of orthodontic-surgical anterior open-bite correction References Index