Asaresultof therecentgrowthinthefieldofdiagnostic imaging, the US population has been subjected to a 7-fold increase in exposure tomedical radiation since the 1980s.1 Concerns over radiation-induced malignancy continue to mount in the popular2,3 and scientific4-7 press. In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Miglioretti et al8 provide valuable data on the use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatrics and the associated radiationexposure in childrenduring the period from 1996 to 2010; the data were derived from a large research network of health maintenance organizations in the United States. The authors used a random sample of CT scans to calculate radiation dosages and to estimate attributable risks of malignancy. In a similar investigationof adults, they found that, in 2010, an average of just over 1 diagnostic imaging test involving radiation was performed perenrollee, for anaverage radiationexposureof 2.34mSv (the equivalentofover200posterior-anterior chest radiographs).6,9 Using the same database, Miglioretti et al8 present several noteworthy findings: (1) the overall use of CT in pediatrics increased 2to 3-fold during this timeperiod, (2) substantial variability existed in the radiation doses used, and (3) projections of the risks of malignancy with the use of certain scans are higher than previously reported (eg, 1 in 300 girls younger than 5 years of age who undergo an abdominal/ pelvis CT scan will develop a subsequent solid tumor).