As a generalization, the history of nasal surgery can be divided roughly into three periods. The first to be considered is the recent period of the past 50 or 60 years, during which time both septal surgery and cosmetic surgery have really developed, culminating in the present era of rhinoplasty based on physiology. The second period is one many centuries long during which the technique of restoring amputated or lost noses was developed. The third period of nasal surgery goes far into the past when nasal operations were merely the repair of acute injuries. The rhinoplastic surgery practiced by the modern rhinologist is based on an understanding of the physiology of the nose and the role played by the septum, the cartilage and bony vaults, and the lobule, not only in the support of the nose, but also in the physiology of the nose. Modern rhinoplasty is a blending—or marriage—of