In ophthalmology, laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) has been used for various types of measurements besides those of blood velocity. For example, it has been applied to investigate eye motion during smooth pursuit of a target [1] and the mechanical compliance of the optic nerve head [2]. However, most of the efforts have been directed to investigations of ocular fundus hemodymanics, the subject of this chapter. Some of the readers may not be familiar with the vascular system of the eye. It thus seems appropriate to begin with a brief description of this system. For more details, the reader is referred to the chapter “Ocular Circulation” by Alm and Bill in Adler’s Physiology of the Eye [3].