That embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently encountered primary malignant neoplasm of the orbit in childhood is now a well-recognized fact. 1-5 Typically the unfortunate patient is an otherwise healthy child who has had no previous history of cancer. The only noteworthy exception to this statement concerns the rare case in which, following radiation therapy for retinoblastoma, a sarcoma exhibiting rhabdomyomatous differentiation arises in the irradiated orbital tissues. 3,6 We have had an opportunity to study an apparently unique case in which a child who survived the surgical removal of an embryonic renal tumor that exhibited areas of rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation subsequently developed an orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Report of a Case A 14-month-old white girl (AFIP acc 1226787) was given preoperative deep x-ray therapy for a renal tumor believed to be a Wilms' tumor. After nephrectomy, a histopathologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made. A good convalescence ensued. There were no subsequent signs