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Improving energy efficiency of motor vehicles

Improving energy efficiency of motor vehicles

Abstract

Fuel efficiency of vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) is one of the key indicators of their operational characteristics, since fuel costs significantly affect the cost of transporting goods and passengers. Increasing the energy efficiency of motor vehicles (MVs) is an important and urgent task that allows you to reduce fuel consumption, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce the impact on the environment. The cost of transportation depends significantly on the fuel efficiency of the vehicle, since fuel costs account for approximately 20...25 % of all transportation costs. Therefore, the higher the fuel efficiency of the vehicle, the lower the fuel consumption and the lower the cost of transportation. The fuel efficiency of a vehicle is determined by such indicators as hourly fuel consumption (mass of fuel consumed in one hour) and specific fuel consumption (mass of fuel consumed in one hour per unit of engine power). The main indicator of fuel efficiency in most countries of the world is fuel consumption in liters per 100 km. of the route traveled. To assess the efficiency of transport work, the fuel consumption indicator per unit of transport work (the ratio of actual fuel consumption to the transport work performed) is used. However, energy saving in transport is manifested not only in a direct reduction in fuel and lubricant costs. There are also other, modern ways to implement energy-saving technologies in the manufacture and operation of vehicles. To increase the energy efficiency of motor vehicles, a systematic and comprehensive approach is needed. It should take into account the factors as follows: the creation of engines with improved energy efficiency, the use of solar panels for additional power supply of electronics, alternative fuels (low-molecular alcohols, hydrogen, electricity, and others), operational factors, and the introduction of intelligent control systems. The national standards of Ukraine establish these indicators of fuel efficiency of a car as control fuel consumption (CFC), fuel consumption in the highway driving cycle (HFC), fuel consumption in the city driving cycle (HCC), fuel characteristic of sustainable traffic (FC), fuel-speed characteristic on a highway-hilly road (FC). The article is a publication of a review and informational nature.

Паливна економічність автомобілів із двигунами внутрішнього згоряння (ДВЗ) є одним із ключових показників їхніх експлуатаційних характеристик, оскільки витрати на паливо суттєво впливають на собівартість перевезень вантажів і пасажирів. Підвищення енергоефективності автотранспортних засобів (АТЗ) є важливим і актуальним завданням, яке дозволяє зменшити витрати палива, знизити викиди парникових газів, зменшити вплив на довкілля. Собівартість перевезень істотно залежить від паливної економічності автомобіля, оскільки витрати на паливо становлять приблизно 20...25 % усіх витрат на перевезення. Тому чим вище паливна економічність автомобіля, тим менше витрата палива і нижче собівартість перевезень. Для підвищення енергоефективності автомобільних транспортних засобів потрібен системний і комплексний підхід. Він повинен враховувати такі фактори, як створення удосконалених за енергоефективністю двигунів, використання сонячних панелей для додаткового живлення електроніки, альтернативних видів палива (низькомолекулярних спиртів, водню, електроенергії та інших), експлуатаційні фактори, впровадження інтелектуальних систем керування. Стаття є публікацією оглядово-інформаційного характеру.

Keywords

motor vehicles (MV); energy efficiency of MVs; fuel economy of MVs; alternative energy sources; energy saving systems, автомобільні транспортні засоби (АТЗ); енергоефективність АТЗ; паливна економічність АТЗ; альтернативні джерела енергії; системи енергозбереження

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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