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Українське літературне шістдесятництво як феномен партійного керівництва "відлиги"

Authors: Muratova, Olha;

Українське літературне шістдесятництво як феномен партійного керівництва "відлиги"

Abstract

The article considers the origination process of Ukrainian literary movement 'shistdesyatnytstvo' in the light of the Soviet government's literary-artistic policy as well as the changes of the ideological grounding of this policy due to the change of the party leadership. Ukrainian and foreign historiography has been reviewed. A complex of objective historical prerequisites, both inner and outer, that caused the appearance of Ukrainian literary movement 'shistdesyatnytstvo' during the epoch of the Thaw has been defined. The scope of manifestation of liberalization in the sphere of literature and art has been analyzed; the attention has been paid to Soviet leadership inconsistency in pursuing literary-artistic policy. Two dramatically opposite stages of relationship development of literary intellectuals and the authority during the Thaw period have been distinguished: the first (1956 - 1959) is seemingly demonstrational retreat from Stalin's methods of control, criticism of Stalinism, certain liberalization in the sphere of literary-artistic activity in order to consolidate Khrushchev's power; the second (1960 - 1964) is a gradual retreat from the policy of liberalization to centralization of power, a return to Stalin's methodology of control and as a result the limitation of freedom of creative artists within the framework of artistic creative method dominant in the Soviet Union. For the first time in domestic historiography alongside with the traditional, both published and non-published, document base works of prose and poetry have been used as a historical source; these are works of cohort of Ukrainian creative artists called 'shistdesyatnyky' who made themselves widely known during the epoch of the so called Khrushchev's Thaw. The rise of cultural opposition in the circles of literary-artistic intellectuals of Ukraine caused by winding down the process of liberalization in all the spheres of life of the country during the second stage of the Thaw has been proved.

У статті розглядається процес зародження українського літературного шістдесятництва крізь призму літературно-мистецької політики радянського уряду та змін ідеологічного обґрунтування цієї політики відповідно до змін партійного керівництва. Аналізуються масштаби проявів лібералізації у сфері літератури й мистецтва, акцентується увага на непослідовності влади в здійсненні літературно-мистецької політики. Виділяються два кардинально протилежні етапи розвитку стосунків літературної інтелігенції і влади в період "відлиги". Доводиться зародження культурницького протистояння в колах літературно-мистецької інтелігенції України на другому етапі "відлиги", спричиненого згортанням процесів лібералізації. Уперше у вітчизняній історіографії разом із традиційною (опублікованою й неопублікованою) базою документів як історичне джерело використано прозові та поетичні твори когорти українських митців-шістдесятників. 

Keywords

епоха "відлиги"; радянський уряд; літературно-мистецька політика; метод соціалістичного реалізму; літературний процес; шістдесятництво; культурницьке протистояння, the epoch of the Thaw; the Soviet government; literary-artistic policy; a method of socialist realism; literary process; shistdesyatnytstvo; cultural opposition, УДК 94(477)"312"

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold