
The article examines the main problems of the formation of the economic security of Ukraine as the basis of its national security. Economic security includes a list of measures aimed at ensuring the stability of industrial, energy, food and financial systems. Low, average and optimal levels of economic security are a function of many factors. Ukraine is characterized by a combination of negative factors that constantly form a low level of economic security. The state of economic security in its development and dynamics is analyzed. The most important factor in the decline of economic security is the savage privatization of the 90s of the twentieth century, which destroyed the very foundation of both national and economic security. In the first period of the formation of the Ukrainian economy, there was a complication of internal economic and socio-political problems. A chronic and very significant deficit of the state budget was formed, due to the total tax evasion of residents of economic activities. Economic security fell due to huge unemployment. Mass unemployment in Ukraine for the entire period after gaining independence is structural in nature, therefore it cannot be reduced without fundamental reforms of a systemic nature. The "shadow economy" poses the strongest threat to economic security. The tax system remains fundamentally hostile to economic activity and forces them to avoid the fiscal burden. As a result, the economic foundations of ensuring national security are being destroyed. Economic security as a social institution appears only at the beginning of the recovery of the Ukrainian economy after the completion of the redistribution of property in the first years of the XXI century. The creation of a national bourgeoisie naturally shifted the issue of economic security from purely academic research into practical politics after the 2005 events in Kiev. The "hybrid" war with Russia pushed the ruling oligarchic structures to effectively protect the economy from the encroachments of the former metropolis. This is mainly about achieving energy independence and reorienting export flows to the countries of the European Union. The factor that significantly hinders the achievement of economic independence is the continuation of the de-industrialization of Ukraine and the replacement of high-tech industries with raw materials. An important problem in Ukraine, directly affecting the state of the country's economic security, is the reduction in the manufacturing industry in the structure of the gross domestic product, which indicates the degradation of the structure of industrial production. Basically, this is a consequence of structural shifts that occur directly within the manufacturing industry itself in favor of industries with a low share of gross value added in gross output, that is, energy-intensive production of raw materials. This makes the Ukrainian economy very dependent on other states and imports of goods, endangering the state's fuel security. On the world stage, Ukraine is assigned the position of a "raw material appendage", and not an independent, actively acting subject of the world economy. Strengthening the institution of economic security in Ukraine is seen as a function of the privatization of unprofitable state-owned enterprises and fiscal reform, which will eliminate a significant part of the shadow sector of the economy and provide an incentive for economic activity.
В статті розглянуті головні проблеми формування економічної безпеки України як підвалини її національної безпеки. Аналізується стан економічної безпеки в її розвитку та динаміці. Найважливішим фактором занепаду економічної безпеки є дикунська приватизація 90х років ХХ століття, яка знищіла самий фундамент як національної, так і економічної безпеки. Економічна безпека як суспільний інститут з’являється тільки з початком відновлення економіки України після завершення розподілу власності у перші роки ХХІ століття. Створення національної буржуазії природно перевело проблему економічної безпеки з суто академічних досліджень в русло практичної політики після подій 2005 року в Києві. «Гібридна» війна з Росією підштовхнула правлячі олігархічні структури до дієвого захисту економіки від зазіхань колишньої метрополії. Головним чином йдеться про досягнення енергетичної незалежності та переорієнтацію експортних потоків на країни Європейського союзу. Фактором, що суттєво гальмує досягнення економічної безпеки є продовження деіндустріалізації України та заміщення високотехнологічних галузей сировинними.
олігархія, ресурсна економіка, суспільні інститути, oligarchy, національна безпека, деіндустріалізація, privatization, приватизація, економічна безпека, deindustrialization, енергетична безпека, economic security, energy security, national security, public institutions
олігархія, ресурсна економіка, суспільні інститути, oligarchy, національна безпека, деіндустріалізація, privatization, приватизація, економічна безпека, deindustrialization, енергетична безпека, economic security, energy security, national security, public institutions
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