
The article presents a study of the characteristics of electromagnetic compatibility in the «electric locomotive – contact network» system. An analysis of the influence of the quality of electrical energy on the reliability and service life of railway devices and other objects was carried out. It was determined that the distortion of the sinusoidal form of voltage in the contact network negatively affects both the operational characteristics of electric locomotives and the traction power supply system, which, accordingly, reduces their operational resource. The shortcomings of the operation mode of thyristor rectifiers in static converters of single-phase alternating current electric locomotives have been determined. According to the standard mode of operation of the control system on modern alternating current electric locomotives, commutation in all rectifying inverter converters occurs simultaneously, as a result of which dips occur in the commutation intervals, which distort the shape of the voltage curve and lead to the appearance of higher harmonic components. An adaptive multi-phase control system of the rectifier-inverter converter using a diode arm connected in parallel to the rectified current circuit is presented, which allows, regardless of the location on the feeder zone, to maximally perform the function of significantly reducing the harmonics corresponding to the frequencies of these oscillations and to reduce the distortion factor of the sinusoidality of the voltage curve, i.e. electrical energy in the catenary network. Simulation of different control modes of the rectifier-inverter converter of the electric locomotive was carried out. The proposed algorithm of the converter installation with multi-phase control by sections is the most acceptable, as it allows to reduce the forced voltage jump when turning on and off each group of converters and the amplitude of free fluctuations of the voltage on the pantograph, which increases the stability of the operation of the electric locomotive control equipment, as well as all systems of railway automation and telemechanics, reduces interference in communication lines.
У статті наведено дослідження характеристик електромагнітної сумісності в системі «електровоз - контактна мережа». Проведено аналіз впливу якості електричної енергії на надійність і ресурс роботи залізничних пристроїв та інших об’єктів. Визнaчeно недоліки режиму роботи тиристорних випрямлячів у статичних перетворювачах електровозів однофазного змінного струму. Проведено моделювання різних режимів керування випрямно-інверторного перетворювача електровоза. Подано адаптивну систему різнофазного керування випрямно-інверторного перетворювача із застосуванням діодного плеча, ввімкненого паралельно колу випрямленого струму, що дає змогу незалежно від місця розташування на фідерній зоні максимально виконувати функцію зниження коефіцієнта гармонічних спотворень.
traction electric motor, електромагнітна сумісність, electric rolling stock, rectifier-inverter converter, електричний рухомий склад, система керування, power factor, control system, коефіцієнт потужності, тяговий електричний двигун, electromagnetic compatibility, випрямно-інверторний перетворювач
traction electric motor, електромагнітна сумісність, electric rolling stock, rectifier-inverter converter, електричний рухомий склад, система керування, power factor, control system, коефіцієнт потужності, тяговий електричний двигун, electromagnetic compatibility, випрямно-інверторний перетворювач
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