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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF POSITIVE SELF-ESTEEM IN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF POSITIVE SELF-ESTEEM IN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Abstract

Introduction. Self-esteem is an integral part of this dynamic system and determines an individual's self-image, which is formed gradually and becomes habitual. This category reflects the degree of development of self-esteem, a sense of self-worth and a positive attitude towards all aspects of the self. Among all the stages of growing up, childhood is of particular value because of the active self-discovery and self-esteem building that goes into it. The formation of adequate self-esteem and positive self-image in children with special needs should be accompanied by the use of communication tools as a restorative process of socialisation. The purpose is study of psychological aspects of positive self-esteem in children with special needs. Methods - testing, surveys, methods of mathematical statistics.. Originality. A number of children may have low self-esteem as a result of external evaluations. At the same time, other individuals, who often have deeper developmental problems, may have inflated self-esteem due to a lack of response to any evaluation from the outside world. This phenomenon is referred to as a certain independence from external evaluation. It is also worth noting that such tendencies can be manifested even in children who have low self-esteem, but have accepted making mistakes and have created a kind of barrier, protection from the outside world. Thus, children with special needs differ from healthy children in their relatively low self-esteem of the real self, which is due to the awareness and understanding of the fact that they have certain problems with their own health. On the other hand, they do not perceive the current situation as a factor limiting the possibilities of developing their own self in the future and have the same level of aspirations (ideal self) as healthy children. No significant differences were found between children with special needs and healthy children in terms of self-esteem and autosympathy. Children with special needs are characterised by low levels of meaningful life orientations. They are not confident in themselves and are not inclined to show social initiative and courage. Conclusion The achievement of positive dynamics of changes in the formation of positive self-esteem in children with special needs is possible provided that specially organised pedagogical conditions are provided, focused on enriching the individual experience of individuals with new ideas about their own capabilities. In this case, the process should be based on self-expression and self-realisation of the individual in terms of communicative interaction. Social and psychological support for children's adaptation, aimed at creating favourable conditions for their integration into society with their peers, taking into account their own individual and typological characteristics, is also effective.

У статті подано результати теоретичного аналізу досліджень, зосереджених на вивченні проблематики формування адекватної самооцінки та позитивного самоставлення у дітей з особливими потребами. Наведено основні індивідуально-типологічні особливості, що нерідко негативно позначаються на процесі адаптації: низька самооцінка та рівень домагань, емоційний дискомфорт у вигляді вираженої тривожності та інші характеристики, а також наведено результати експериментального дослідження показників когнітивного, емоційного та поведінкового компонентів позитивної Я-концепції у двох груп дітей - здорових і з особливими потребами. Виявлено, що діти з особливими потребами відрізняються від здорових низькою самооцінкою реального Я і низькими показниками смисложиттєвих орієнтацій. Вони не впевнені у собі і не схильні виявляти соціальну ініціативу та сміливість у соціальних контактах. Водночас вони не відрізняються від здорових дітей у показниках рівня домагань (ідеального Я), самоповаги та аутосимпатії. Розглядаються комплексні заходи, що реалізуються на практиці та показують власну ефективність, які покликані забезпечити позитивну динаміку змін у частині оцінювання дітьми себе та власних можливостей. Відзначається суперечливий характер самооцінки дітей з особливими потребами.

Keywords

positive self-attitude, позитивна Я-концепція, individual-typological characteristics., позитивне самоставлення, адекватна самооцінка, індивідуально-типологічні особливості., діти з особливими потребами, positive self-concept, children with special needs, adequate self-esteem

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold