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KRŠĆANSTVO I LIBERALIZAM

CHRISTIANITY AND LlBERALlSM
Authors: Jukić, Jakov;

KRŠĆANSTVO I LIBERALIZAM

Abstract

Die Begegnung zwischen Christentum und Liberalismus beginnt mit der Entstehung der modernen Welt, mit der Aufklarungsbewegung und dem politischen Akt der Franz6sischen Revolution. Das Christentum hat sich in all seinen drei Formen - als Katholizismus, Protestantismus und Hechtqlaubiqkeit - auf verschiedene Weise mit dieser groBen Weltideologie, die am Ursprung aller gesellschaftlichen Wandel und Erscheinungen der letzten drei Jahrhunderte steht, auseinandergesetzt. Am turbulentesten gestaltete sich das Verhaltnis zwischen dem Liberalismus und der katholischen Kirche. Diese verwarf den Liberalismus zunachst v611igund setzte ihn einer harten Verurteilung aus, um nach dem 2. Vatikanischen Konzil eine vers6hnlichere Einstellung zu vertreten. In junqster Zeit, dem dritten Abschnitt in der Geschichte dieses Verhaltnisses, machen sich erneut Anzeichen einer Positionsverscharfunq und Entfachung des Konflikts zwischen der katholischen Kirche und dem postmoderne Gestalt annehmenden Liberalismus bernerkbar. Im Unterschied zum Katholizismus gelang es dem Protestantismus, gleich zu Beginn eine gemeinsame Sprache mit dem Liberalismus zu finden. In den Vereinigten Staaten und in England wird er vielmehr zur ideellen inspirativen Kraft und theoretischen Rechtfertigung liberalistischer Bestrebungen. Hingegen die Hechtqlaubiqkeit, die dritte Str6mung innerhalb des Christentums, hat im Grunde immer noch keine wahre Begegnung mit der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Tatsache des Liberalismus erlebt, obwohl nicht abgestritten werden kann, daf sie wiederholt verschiedene Standpunkte dazu artikulierte. In diesem Sinne ist die Diskussion zwischen Slawophilen und den Wissenschaftlern des Westens mehr als lehrreich, den noch verlafšt sie den Bereich der Ideen nicht, so daB von echten gesellschaftichen Bewegungen nicht die Rede sein kann. In den postkommunistischen Gesellschaften zeichnen sich verstarkte Auseinandersetzungen und intolerante Diskussionen zwischen Christen und Liberalen ab, die durch die spezifischen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Verhaltnisse des Obergangs zur demokratischen Gesellschaftsordnung ausgel6st werden. Fatal ware, wenn sich die Christen in dieser Situation zum Anschlu Ban die vorkonzilianischen militanten Tendenzen, die wegen der aligemeinen gesellschaftlichen Regression zahlreicher sind, als man erwarten wurde, verleiten lieBen. Die Befolgung der l.ehrsatze des 2. Vatikanischen Konzils zur modernen Einrichtung der Welt ist daher wesentlich und schicksalhaft fur die Weiterentwicklung des Verhaltnisses zwischen Christentum und Liberalismus auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen kommunistischen Staaten.

The encounter of Christianity and liberalism begins with the creation of the modern world, with the Enlightenment movement and the political act of the French Revolution. Christianity has, in all three of its forms - as Catholicism, Protestantism and the Orthodox creed - been confronted in different ways with this great global ideology, which stands at the source of all social change and phenomena in the last three centuries. But it was the Catholic Church that had the most turbu lent relationship with liberalism. At first it had completely rejected and sternly convicted liberalism. However, in the period of the Second Vatican Council the Church started taking a more conciliatory viewpoint. In the third and the most recent of periods, new signs of intensifying and deepening the conflict between the Catholic Church and liberalism can be observed, where the latter assumes the form of postmodernism. In contrast to Catholicism, Protestantism has from the very beginning found a mutual understanding with liberalism. Moreover, it became the ideological inspiration and theoretical justification of liberalist aspirations in the United States of America and England. As regards the third current of Christianity, the Orthodox creed has not yet really met with the social and political fact of liberalism, although one cannot dispute that it often took different views towards it. Therefore, the discussion between the pro- -Slavics and the Westerners is more than instructive, but nevertheless, it remains within the area of ideas and not real social movements. In postcommunist societies stronger conflicts and more intolerant disputes have been going on between Christians and liberals, prompted by specific political and economic circumstances of transition into a democratic order. It would be fatal if the Christians were in these circumstances seduced into joining the pre-Council militant tendencies, more of which are present than would be expected, due to general social regression. Thus, loyalty to the learning of the second Vatican Council regarding the modern world is absolutely essential for the further development of the relationship between Christianity and liberalism in former communist countries.

Susret kršćanstva i liberalizma počinje stvaranjem modernog svijeta, pokretom prosvjetiteljstva i političkim činom Francuske revolucije. Kršćanstvo se u sva svoja tri oblika - kao katolicizam, protestantizam i pravoslavlje - na različite načine suočilo s tom velikom svjetskom ideologijom, koja stoji na izvorištu svih društvenih promjena i pojava u zadnja tri stoljeća. Pritom je Katolička crkva imala najburnije odnose s liberalizmom. Najprije ga je potpuno odbacivala i oštro osuđivala, a onda u doba Drugog vatikanskog koncila počela zauzimati pomirljivije stajalište. U trećem i najnovijem razdoblju zapažaju se ponovno naznake zaoštravanja i razbuktavanja sukoba između Katoličke crkve i liberalizma, gdje taj potonji uzima lik postmodernosti. Za razliku od katolicizma, protestantizam je odmah od početka našao zajednički jezik s liberalizmom. Dapače, postao je on idejnim nadahnućem i teorijskim opravdanjem liberalističkih težnji u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama i Engleskoj. Što se pak tiče treće struje kršćanstva, pravoslavlje se zapravo još nije ni istinski srelo s društvenom i političkom činjenicom liberalizma, premda se ne može osporiti da je zauzimalo često različita gledišta prema njemu. U tom je smislu rasprava između slavenofila i zapadnjaka više nego poučna, ali ipak ostaje u području ideja a ne stvarnih društvenih pokreta. U postkomunističkim se društvima naziru pojačani sukobi i netrpeljivije rasprave između kršćana i liberala, jer ih na to potiču posebne političke i gospodarske prilike prijelaza u demokratski poredak. Bilo bi pogubno ako bi se kršćani u tim prilikama dali zavesti i pridružili se predkoncilskim bojovnim tendencijama, kojih zbog opće društvene regresije zacijelo ima više nego što bi se očekivalo. Zato je vjernost nauku Drugog vatikanskog koncila o modernom svijetu bitna i sudbonosna za daljnji razvitak odnosa između kršćanstva i liberalizma na prostorima bivših komunističkih sustava.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Published in a Diamond OA journal