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Пангерманское движение Г. фон Шёнерера и национальная идентичность австрийских немцев в 1873 – 1907 гг. : магистерская диссертация

Authors: Bachenina, V. V.;

Пангерманское движение Г. фон Шёнерера и национальная идентичность австрийских немцев в 1873 – 1907 гг. : магистерская диссертация

Abstract

The research issues center around the processes of the national identity formation of the titular nation's political and intellectual elite in the multinational state in the 19th century. The Austrian Pan-Germanists’ influence was expressed in different areas with different intensity. The long-term results of their activities were associated with the idea of the Anschluss of Austria after the First World War and the symbols of the National Socialism: including the images of the «people's tribune» and the «fighter for national interests» were formed under the influence of the political culture of G. von Schoenerer. Interaction with the German School Union (Deutsche Schulverein) allowed Schoenerer to gain access to a wide network of public organizations in Austria-Hungary, which represented a powerful tool for strength the «pro-German» sympathies. Participation of Pan-Germanists in the «Badeni crisis» of the late 1890s contributed to the widespread dissemination in the international community of the idea of the Habsburg Monarchy internal weakness, which emphasized the difference in the position between supporters and opponents of Habsburgs. But in German liberalism, the Schoenerians became a «reference point», which was one of the markers of differentiation within the constitutional wing. At the same time aggressive campaigns against Jews increased hysteria around their position in society, creating negative attitudes and exacerbating the «Jew-German» dichotomy. The policy of the Austrian Pan-Germanists contributed to the deepening of the problem of «dual loyalty», enriching the reflective experience of the Austrian elites, and laid the ideological foundations of Austria's foreign policy course in the interwar and post-war periods of the 20th century.

Проблематика исследования сосредоточена вокруг вопроса о формировании национальной идентичности политической и интеллектуальной элиты титульной нации в мультинациональной среде государств XIX в. Влияние австрийских пангерманистов выражалось в разных областях с различной интенсивностью. Долгосрочные результаты их деятельности были связаны с идеей аншлюса Австрии после Первой мировой войны и символикой будущего национал-социализма: в том числе, образы «народного трибуна» и «борца за национальные интересы» были сформированы под воздействием политической культуры Г. фон Шёнерера. Взаимодействие с «общеавстрийским» Немецким школьным союзом позволяло Шёнереру получить доступ к широкой сети общественных организаций Австро-Венгрии, которая представляла собой мощный инструмент для формирования «про-немецких» настроений. Участие пангерманистов в «кризисе Бадени» конца 1890-х гг. способствовало широкому распространению в международном сообществе идеи о внутренней слабости Габсбургской монархии, что подчеркнуло разницу в положении между сторонниками и противниками Монархии. Но в немецком либерализме шёнерианцы стали своеобразной «точкой отсчета», близость или удаленность от которой была одним из маркеров дифференциации внутри конституционного крыла. В то же время агрессивные кампании против евреев наращивали истерию вокруг их положения в обществе, формируя негативное отношение и обостряя дихотомию «еврей-немец». Политика австрийских пангерманистов способствовала углублению проблемы «двойной лояльности», обогащая рефлексивный опыт австрийских элит, и закладывала идеологические основы внешнеполитического курса Австрии в межвоенный и послевоенный периоды XX в.

Keywords

NATIONAL IDENTITY, AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE, XIX C., МАГИСТЕРСКАЯ ДИССЕРТАЦИЯ, MASTER'S THESIS, НАЦИОНАЛИЗМ, НАЦИЯ, AUSTRIAN GERMANS, ГЕОРГ ФОН ШЁНЕРЕР, GEORG VON SCHOENERER, ПАНГЕРМАНИЗМ, PAN-GERMANISM, АВСТРО-ВЕНГРИЯ, XIX В., NATIONALISM, НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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