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Советские историки-востоковеды в провинции Шэньси в конце 1950‑х гг.

Authors: Smirnov, V. V.;

Советские историки-востоковеды в провинции Шэньси в конце 1950‑х гг.

Abstract

In the 1950s, Soviet-Chinese scientific and technological cooperation was one of the main drivers for the rapid recovery of China’s economy. Extensive activities of Soviet scientists in China helped to improve the war-ravaged Chinese economy and expanded Soviet knowledge of the Celestial Empire. Great majority of Soviet scientists who came to China worked in the field of technical and natural sciences, such as power engineering, physics, chemistry, agriculture, and botany. Along with that, extensive research work was also carried out throughout China by humanities scholars, including Soviet historians and orientalists, in particular R. F. Vyatkin. The scientist was able to translate into Russian the original text of the famous ancient Chinese work “Records of the Grand Historian” (Shiji) by Sima Qian as a result of his travelling to Shaanxi Province. The Chinese archival documents available to us also allow tracing the scien tific activities of such Soviet orientalists as T. V. Stepugina, whose works are dedicated to the problems of ancient China, and the Soviet archaeologist S. V. Kiselev, who studied the ancient collections of the peoples of the Far East in Shaanxi. The trips of the above-mentioned scientists took place during the years of the “Great Leap Forward” in China, that made these visits specific; in particular, the Chinese side made every effort to demonstrate to the Soviet specialists great achievements and advancement of ideas of the “Great Leap Forward”, while new historical or archaeological discoveries were interpreted by the Chinese Party as an undeniable success and effectiveness of the new Chinese ideology.

Советско-китайское научно-техническое сотрудничество в 1950-е годы явилось одним из главных факторов быстрого восстановления народного хозяйства КНР. Обширная деятельность советских ученых в Китае помогла не только наладить разрушенную войной китайскую экономику, но также способствовала расширению знаний советских людей о Поднебесной. Исследования основной массы приезжавших в КНР советских ученых относились к сфере технических и естественных наук, таких как электроэнергетика, физика, химия, сельское хозяйство и ботаника. Однако помимо этого, на всей территории Китая широкую исследовательскую работу проводили также ученые-гуманитарии, в частности советские историки-востоковеды, такие как Р. Ф. Вяткин, по результатам командировки в провинции Шэньси получивший возможность перевести на русский язык оригинальный текст знаменитого древнекитайского произведения «Исторические записки» (Ши цзи) Сыма Цяня. Имеющиеся в нашем распоряжении китайские архивные документы позволяют также обратиться к научной деятельности советского востоковеда Т. В. Степугиной, занимавшейся проблемами Древнего Китая и советского археолога С. В. Киселёва, изучавшего в Шэньси древние коллекции народов Дальнего Востока. Командировки этих ученых проходили в годы «большого скачка» в Китае, что наложило особый отпечаток на программу поездок. В частности, китайская сторона всеми средствами старалась продемонстрировать советским специалистам большие достижения и прогрессивность идей «большого скачка»: новые исторические или археологические открытия трактовались китайской партией как неоспоримый успех и как доказательства результативности новой китайской идеологии.

The article was submitted on 14.05.2022.

Keywords

ПРОВИНЦИЯ ШЭНЬСИ, “HISTORICAL NOTES” (SHIJI), SOVIET HISTORIANS-ORIENTALISTS, КНР, СЫМА ЦЯНЬ, СОВЕТСКИЕ ИСТОРИКИ-ВОСТОКОВЕДЫ, «ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАПИСКИ» (ШИ ЦЗИ), PRC, SHAANXI PROVINCE, SIMA QIAN

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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