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Проблема эмпатии в этике и нейроэтике

Authors: Perov, V. Yu.;

Проблема эмпатии в этике и нейроэтике

Abstract

In the course of the research, the main stages of the study of the problem of empathy and related concepts in the history of ethics and neuroethics were studied. It is established that the first attempts to study the phenomenon of empathy without using this concept were undertaken in the ethical concepts of the Scottish Enlightenment. In the 19th century, a sense of compassion, close to empathy, was actively studied, including in the emerging evolutionary ethics. Experimental psychology, which was born in this historical period, also had a significant impact on the study of moral feelings, including feelings of empathy. In the late XX — early XXI century, the concept of empathy becomes one of the central in neuroethics, largely due to the discovery of “mirror neurons”. The essential theoretical and practical debatable problems of explaining prosocial and moral behavior on the basis of empathy are analyzed.

Рассматриваются основные этапы изучения проблемы эмпатии и сопряженных с ней понятий в истории этики и нейроэтике. Установлено, что первые попытки изучения феномена эмпатии без употребления данного понятия были предприняты в этических концепциях шотландского Просвещения. В XIX в. активно изучалось близкое к эмпатии чувство сострадания, в том числе в возникшей эволюционной этике. Зародившаяся в данный исторический период экспериментальная психология также оказала значительное влияние на изучение моральных чувств, в том числе и идеи «вчувствования». В конце ХХ — начале XXI в. понятие эмпатии становится одним из центральных в нейроэтике во многом благодаря открытию «зеркальных нейронов». Анализируются существенные теоретические и практические дискуссионные проблемы объяснения просоциального и нравственного поведения на основе эмпатии.

Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта РФФИ № 20-011-00124 «Трансформация нравственной культуры под влиянием нейронаук».

Country
Russian Federation
Keywords

НРАВСТВЕННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ, СОЧУВСТВИЕ, PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR, NEUROETHICS, ЭТИКА, ПРОСОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ, EMPATHY, COMPASSION, ЭМПАТИЯ, СОСТРАДАНИЕ, ETHICS, НЕЙРОЭТИКА, MORAL BEHAVIOR

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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