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Изучение Летописца Дашкова: от атрибуции списка к оригиналу

Authors: Bogdanov, А. P.;

Изучение Летописца Дашкова: от атрибуции списка к оригиналу

Abstract

This article reveals the methods of attribution and study of a chronicle from the late seventeenth century, which makes it possible to establish the name of the author and the course of work of A. Ya. Dashkov, a stolnik and then Duma nobleman, who began the noble Chronicle in 1680 and completed it in 1689, based on an anonymous copy from the second half of the eighteenth century, made, like many others, for the Hermitage Library. Thanks to these methods, the author has found out that the Hermitage copy was made following a rough original of the Chronicle, which was in the original author’s historical collection. The discovery of this collection, written and signed by the stolnik A. Ya. Dashkov and completed by him in the rank of a Duma nobleman, demonstrates that the rough copy of the Chronicle with the insertions identified by the author of the article was indeed initially brought up to 1680 and continued with periodical entries in the 1680s. The author of the article puts forward a hypothesis on chronicle studies, successfully developing the classical methodology of A. A. Shakhmatov, which is confirmed in all details, proving the accuracy of the applied methods of research, which the article introduces in detail for the first time. Considering that most Russian chronicles are known only in rather late copies, a 100 % confirmed method of reconstructing the original from a copy seems especially important. The rough original itself is valuable, although considering modern achievements, it is not unique. It is the chronicle of the late seventeenth century that has recently been enriched with authorial rough and fair originals of period records, chronicles and chronicle collections, whose study makes it possible to confirm and seriously clarify the general methodology of chronicle studies as a special historical discipline. Another traced and studied, and then found rough copy of the author’s historical work of the early Petrine period expands the range of similar works the author mentions in the article. In the future, it will help to significantly deepen the understanding of the work of chroniclers of the eleventh – seventeenth centuries, their methods of work, methods of their reconstruction, and research.

В статье раскрыты методы атрибуции и изучения текста летописного памятника конца XVII в., позволившие по анонимному списку второй половины XVIII в., сделанному, как и многие другие, для Эрмитажной библиотеки, установить имя автора и ход работы стольника, затем думного дворянина А. Я. Дашкова, начавшего дворянский Летописец в 1680 г. и завершившего его в 1689 г. Благодаря этим методам было выяснено, что Эрмитажный список был сделан с чернового оригинала Летописца, находившегося в оригинальном авторском историческом сборнике. Обнаружение именно этого сборника, написанного и подписанного стольником А. Я. Дашковым и завершенного им же в чине думного дворянина, показало, что черновик Летописца со вставками, которые были вычислены автором статьи, действительно был первоначально доведен до 1680 г. и продолжен повременными записями в 1680‑х гг. Летописеведческая гипотеза автора, успешно развивающая классическую методику А. А. Шахматова, подтвердилась во всех деталях, доказав точность примененных приемов исследования памятника, с которыми статья впервые детально знакомит специалистов. С учетом того, что подавляющее большинство русских летописей известно лишь в довольно поздних списках, на 100 % подтвержденный метод реконструкции оригинала по копии представляется особенно важным. Ценен, хотя в свете современных достижений неуникален, и сам черновой оригинал. Именно летописание конца XVII в. в последнее время обогатилось авторскими черновыми и беловыми оригиналами повременных записей, летописей и летописных сводов, изучение которых позволяет подтвердить и серьезно уточнить общую методику летописеведения как специальной исторической дисциплины. Еще один вычисленный и изученный, а затем найденный черновик авторского исторического произведения раннего петровского времени расширяет обозначенный в статье круг аналогичных памятников и в перспективе поможет значительно углубить понимание творчества летописцев XI‒XVII в., их методов работы, способов их реконструкции и исследования.

The article was submitted on 31.10.2024.

Keywords

КАНЦЛЕР ГОЛИЦЫН, TSAREVNA SOFIA, ВАСИЛИЙ ЯКОВЛЕВИЧ ДАШКОВ, VASILY YAKOVLEVICH DASHKOV, ANDREI YAKOVLEVICH DASHKOV, ПОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЗАПИСИ, NOBLE CHRONICLING, ЦАРЕВНА СОФЬЯ, CHANCELLOR GOLITSYN, ДВОРЯНСКОЕ ЛЕТОПИСАНИЕ, ТЕКСТОЛОГИЯ, АНДРЕЙ ЯКОВЛЕВИЧ ДАШКОВ, TSAR FEDOR ALEKSEEVICH, PERIODIC RECORDS, ЦАРЬ ФЕДОР АЛЕКСЕЕВИЧ, TEXTOLOGY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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