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Проблемы трудоустройства и адаптации молодых инженеров к требованиям работодателей

Authors: Merenkov, A.; Artyom, O.;

Проблемы трудоустройства и адаптации молодых инженеров к требованиям работодателей

Abstract

Based on the empirical research conducted in December 2017, the article discusses main problems graduates of engineering study programs are likely to face on entering the labor market of their specialty and in the course of their professional adaptation to the demands of the employers. Using the biographic method of gathering sociological data, the authors interviewed 18 young specialists employed in Sverdlovsk region industries, with 2–3 years of work experience after their graduation from a BA or MA study program. Twelve employers shared their opinions on preparedness and general capability of the graduates to fit into the present-day production environment in in-depths interviews. It was found that major difficulties young specialists tend to encounter while seeking for a job to apply their skills and knowledge relate to it being a self-driven process. The employers do not actively reach out attract young engineers to their enterprises. As a result, the general claim among respondents was they had to rely on relatives and personal acquaintances to find a job that matches their specialty — which proves to be the most decisive factor for successful employment. In terms of professional adaptation challenges for the young specialists, the main stumbling block is their lack of experience in handling workplace issues, since the current way of organizing industrial internships during the final years of study does not aim at this kind of training. The second challenge is considerable diversity in engineering expertise at different enterprises. To meet the particular employer’s demands, young specialists need to study the specifics of a certain industry on their own. The interviewed heads of enterprises noted that the core of all adaptation difficulties among the graduates is the low level of their professional training. Having entered the industry, former students are rather unwilling and often unprepared for self-education and self-development in the course of their future work. Whereas the system of developing this competence in the course of university training appears generally lacking.

В статье на материалах эмпирического исследования, проведенного в декабре 2017 года, рассматриваются основные проблемы, возникающие у выпускников технических направлений подготовки при трудоустройстве на рабочее место по специальности и в период адаптации к требованиям работодателей. С использованием биографического метода получения социологической информации опрошено 18 молодых специалистов, проработавших после окончания бакалавриата или магистратуры 2–3 года на предприятиях Свердловской области. Методом глубинного интервью опрошено 12 работодателей, высказавших свое мнение об уровне готовности выпускников к реализации требований современного промышленного производства. Показано, что возникают проблемы, вызванные необходимостью самостоятельного поиска молодыми специалистами места реализации приобретенных знаний и умений. Работодатели не проявляют активности в привлечении молодых инженеров на свои предприятия. Респонденты указывают на помощь родственников, знакомых, как ведущий фактор получения рабочего места по специальности. Выявлено, что проблемы, возникающие в период адаптация молодых специалистов, вызваны, во-первых, отсутствием опыта решения конкретных производственных проблем, так как нынешняя форма организации практик студентов на старших курсах вуза не направлена на его получение. Во-вторых, наличием значительных различий в содержании труда инженеров на конкретных предприятиях. Самостоятельное изучение специфики производства становится основным способом развития у молодого специалиста способности успешно справляться с требованиями, предъявляемыми работодателями. По мнению опрошенных руководителей предприятий и организаций, трудности адаптации выпускников вузов вызваны низким уровнем их профессиональной подготовки. Не сформирована способность к постоянному самообразованию, саморазвитию в процессе всей будущей трудовой деятельности. В вузах отсутствует система формирования этой компетенции в процессе всего периода обучения студентов.

Keywords

МОЛОДЫЕ ИНЖЕНЕРЫ, РАБОТОДАТЕЛИ, PRESENT-DAY PRODUCTION, ADAPTATION OF YOUNG, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, ТРУДОУСТРОЙСТВО, ВУЗЫ, YOUNG ENGINEERS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYERS, АДАПТАЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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