The article presents and analyses research data from various Romanian achival sources. The main ones are the count of the ‘Turkish Gypsies’ from 1833 and the first Wallachian population census from 1838 which specfied each Gypsy sub-group. Additional sources are administrative and judicial documents related to religious conversion to and from Islam as well as documents related to Gypsy slavery. The findings show that the ‘Turkish Gypsies’ (țigani turciți) in Wallachia were not a homogenous group and a few sub-groups connected with the ethnic-religious appellation turcitu can be found recorded in the first count of the Wallachian population. As Christian institutions, Wallachian monasteries could not have Muslim Gypsies as rob-slaves, and boyars as Christians were similarly prohibited from having Muslim slaves. Thus, only the State could possess ‘Turkish Gypsies’ and they were therefore rather few.