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Evoluția comparativă a sistemului vamal din Basarabia și România 1859-1914

Authors: Emilciuc, A.B.;

Evoluția comparativă a sistemului vamal din Basarabia și România 1859-1914

Abstract

In this study, we analyze the evolution of the customs system in Bessarabia and Romania in 1859-1914. Based on the studied documents, we conclude that after the unification of the Romanian principalities in 1859, their customs system underwent rapid transformations to meet the needs of the new time, but with the tariff restrictions imposed by the Ottoman Porte. The transfer of customs under the direct control of the state and the efficient organization of customs control at the borders were to provide an important source of replenishment of state revenues. In a short time, the customs system of Romania was organizationally superior to that which existed in Bessarabia, a Romanian province annexed by the Russian Empire in 1812. Customs changes in Bessarabia were determined at that time by a number of factors. On the one hand, these were the territorial changes provided by the Paris Peace Treaty of 1856 and the Berlin Treaty of 1878. On the other hand, the junction of the railways of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire and Romania in the 1870s led to the opening of new customs houses and the closure of a number of old ones. The strengthening of protectionist sentiments in Europe in the 1880sndash;1890s brought new changes to the customs sphere in Romania and the Russian Empire. During these years, trade agreements began to play an increasingly important role in international relations, in which the principle of the most favored nation was proclaimed. The end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century is characterized by numerous optimizations of the customs authorities and customs personnel in order to reduce costs and cover the growing expenses for military needs. Numerous customs offices were disbanded, and customs districts were merged. So, already in 1896, Bessarabia lost its own customs districts, which were merged with those in the Transnistrian provinces.

В данном исследовании мы анализируем эволюцию таможенной системы Бессарабии и Румынии в 1859-1914 гг. На основе исследованных документов мы приходим к выводу, что после объединения румынских княжеств в 1859 году их таможенная система претерпела стремительные преобразования, чтобы соответствовать потребностям нового времени, но исходя из тарифных ограничений, наложенных Османской Портой. Передача таможни под непосредственный контроль государства и эффективная организация таможенного контроля на границах должны были стать важным источником пополнения государственных доходов. За короткое время таможенная система Румынии в организационном отношении превзошла ту, которая существовала в Бессарабии, румынской провинции, аннексированной Российской империей в 1812 году. Таможенные изменения в Бессарабии определялись в то время рядом факторов. С одной стороны, это были территориальные изменения, предусмотренные Парижским мирным договором 1856 года и Берлинским трактатом 1878 года. С другой стороны, стык железных дорог Австро-Венгерской и Российской империи, а также Румынии в 1870-е годы привёл к открытию новых таможен и закрытию ряда старых. Усиление протекционистских настроениях в Европе в 1880ndash;1890-е годы привнесло новые изменения в таможенную сферу Румынии и Российской империи. Все большую роль в международных отношениях в эти годы стали играть торговые договоры, в которых провозглашался принцип наиболее благоприятствуемой нации. Конец XIX ndash; начало XX века характеризуется многочисленными оптимизациями таможенных органов и таможенного персонала с целью сокращения расходов и покрытия возрастающих трат на военные нужды. Многочисленные таможни были расформированы, а таможенные округа объединены. Так, уже в 1896 г. Бессарабия лишилась собственных таможенных округов, которые были объединены с имевшимися в заднестровских губерниях.

Country
Moldova (Republic of)
Related Organizations
Keywords

protectionism, customs tariff, tarif vamal, porto-franco, protecționism, customs policy, таможенные органы, politică vamală, порто-франко, таможенная политика, customs offices, birouri vamale, протекционизм, таможенный тариф, free ports

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green