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Evaluarea și tratamentul retinopatiei diabetice în sarcină

Authors: Scerbatiuc, C.;

Evaluarea și tratamentul retinopatiei diabetice în sarcină

Abstract

Prevalența retinopatiei diabetice RD continuă să crească la femeile însărcinate. Lipsa studiilor privind siguranța și eficiența opțiunilor actuale de tratament în timpul sarcinii face ca managementul bolii să fie deosebit de dificil. Toate femeile însărcinate cu diabet zaharat ar trebui să efectueze un screening prenatal al RD, precum și să primească recomandări cu privire la evoluția și managementul RD în timpul sarcinii. Trebuie recomandat controlul optim al glicemiei și al tensiunii arteriale. Pentru pacienții cu retinopatie diabetică proliferativă RDP în absența unui edem macular diabetic EMD semnificativ, fotocoagularea panretinală rămâne o opțiune de tratament sigură și eficientă. Edemul macular diabetic semnificativ poate fi tratat cu laser focal, dacă se identifică zone de leakage focal în maculă, steroizi cu injectare intravitreană sau agenți inhibitori de creştere a endoteliului vascular anti-VEGF. Trebuie de luat în considerare riscul teoretic al agenților anti-VEGF pentru făt, de aceea pacientele trebuie să fie informate cu privire la riscurile și beneficiile terapiei anti-VEGF înainte de inițierea tratamentului. Atunci când se ia decizia de a trata cu agenți anti-VEGF, Ranibizumab ar trebui să fie agentul de elecție. În concluzie, oftalmologii ar trebui să ia decizii de tratament la pacientele gravide cu RD pentru fiecare caz în parte, luând în considerare severitatea bolii, riscul de scădere permanentă a vederii, termenul de gestație și preferințele pacientei.

Распространенность диабетической ретинопатии ДР у беременных женщин продолжает расти. Отсутствие исследований, посвященных безопасности и эффективности современных методов лечения во время беременности, делает ведение заболевания особенно сложным. Все беременные женщины с диабетом должны проходить пренатальный скрининг на ДР, а также получать рекомендации по течению и ведению ДР во время беременности. Следует рекомендовать оптимальный контроль уровня глюкозы в крови и артериального давления. Для пациентов с пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией ПДР при отсутствии значительного диабетического макулярного отека ДМО панретинальная фотокоагуляция остается безопасным и эффективным методом лечения. Значительный диабетический макулярный отек можно лечить с помощью фокального лазера, если в макуле выявлены очаги утечки, интравитреального введения стероидов или анти-VEGF-агентов. Необходимо учитывать теоретический риск воздействия анти-VEGF-агентов на плод, поэтому пациенты должны быть проинформированы о рисках и преимуществах анти-VEGF-терапии до начала лечения. При принятии решения о лечении анти-VEGF-агентами препаратом выбора должен быть ранибизумаб. В заключение следует отметить, что офтальмологи должны принимать решения о лечении беременных пациенток с ДР в каждом конкретном случае с учетом тяжести заболевания, риска необратимой потери зрения, срока беременности и предпочтений пациенток.

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy DR continues to increase in pregnant women. The lack of studies on the safety and efficacy of current treatment options during pregnancy makes management of the disease particularly challenging. All pregnant women with diabetes should undergo prenatal screening for DR as well as receive advice on the course and management of DR during pregnancy. Optimal control of blood glucose and blood pressure should be recommended. For patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDR in the absence of significant diabetic macular edema DME, pan-retinal photocoagulation remains a safe and effective treatment option. Significant diabetic macular edema can be treated with a focal laser if focal leakage areas are identified in the macula, intravitreally introduced steroids or anti-VEGF agents. The theoretical risk of anti-VEGF agents to the fetus must be considered so patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of anti-VEGF therapy before treatment is initiated. When deciding to treat with anti-VEGF agents, Ranibizumab should be the agent of choice. In conclusion, ophthalmologists should make treatment decisions in pregnant patients with DR on a case-by-case basis, taking into account disease severity, risk of permanent vision loss, gestational term, and patient preferences.

Related Organizations
Keywords

retinopatie diabetică, laser photocoagulation, sarcina, лазерная фотокоагуляция, steroizi cu injectare intravitreană, intravitreal steroids, diabetic retinopathy, слова: диабетическая ретинопатия, интравитреальные стероиды, anti-VEGF, анти-VEGF, pregnancy, fotocoagularecu laser, беременность

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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