Este trabajo fin de máster trata de uno de los problemas que ha existido durante siglos en la sociedad mexicana – el indigenismo, al cual se prestó más atención después de la Revolución mexicana. Durante la presidencia de Álvaro Obregón (1920-1924), José Vasconcelos fue nombrado el Secretario de Educación Pública e inmediatamente comenzó su campaña educativa cuyo objeto fue incluir los indígenas en la sociedad y educarlos. Él quería construir una memoria colectiva y la mejor manera a conseguirlo fue poner los eventos importantes de la historia mexicana completa en los muros de edificios públicos para que todos podían verlos. En esa intención lo ayudaron pintores famosos entre cuales los mejores fueron José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera y David Alfaro Siqueiros (“Los Tres grandes”), quienes hoy conocemos como fundadores del muralismo en México, un movimiento autóctono, donde el arte popular mexicano es producido por y para el pueblo. Por lo tanto, la estructura del trabajo se divide en dos partes: primera trata de los términos “indigenismo” y “muralismo”, mientras que la segunda trata de las obras hechas por los “Tres Grandes” en edificios públicos durante la presidencia de Álvaro Obregón, con la comparación de sus obras al fin.

This thesis deals with one of the problems that has existed for centuries in Mexican society – indigenism, to which more attention was paid after the Mexican Revolution. During the presidency of Álvaro Obregón (1920-1924), José Vasconcelos was appointed Secretary of Public Education and immediately began his educational campaign whose objective was to include the indigenous people in society and educate them. He wanted to build a collective memory and the best way to achieve that was to put the important events of complete Mexican history on the walls of public buildings so that everyone could see them. In this intention he was helped by famous painters among whom the best were José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros (“The Three Greats”), who we know today as founders of muralism in Mexico, a native movement, where Mexican popular art is produced. by and for the people. Therefore, the structure of the work is divided into two parts: the first deals with the terms “indigenism” and “muralism”, while the second deals with the works made by the „Three Greats” in public buildings during the presidency of Álvaro Obregón, with the comparison of their works at the end.

Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se jednim od problema koji stoljećima postoji u meksičkom društvu – indigenizmom, na koji se više pažnje obratilo nakon Meksičke revolucije. Za vrijeme predsjedništva Álvara Obregóna (1920.-1924.), José Vasconcelos imenovan je tajnikom za javno obrazovanje i odmah je započeo svoju obrazovnu kampanju čiji je cilj bio uključiti domorodačke (indigene) ljude u društvo i obrazovati ih. Želio je izgraditi kolektivno sjećanje, a najbolji način da to postigne bio je staviti važne događaje iz cjelokupne meksičke povijesti na zidove javnih zgrada kako bi ih svi mogli vidjeti. U toj su mu namjeri pomogli poznati slikari, među kojima su najbolji bili José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera i David Alfaro Siqueiros („Velika trojica“), koje danas poznajemo kao utemeljitelje muralizma u Meksiku, autohtonog pokreta, gdje je meksičku narodna umjetnost stvorena od strane naroda i za narod. Stoga je struktura rada podijeljena u dva dijela: prvi se bavi pojmovima "indigenizam" i "muralizam", dok se drugi dio bavi djelima "Velike trojice" u javnim zgradama za vrijeme predsjedništva Álvara Obregóna, s usporedbom njihovih djela na kraju.