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Трансформация минерального состава донных отложений от истоков к устьям рек

Authors: Savichev, Oleg Gennadievich; Domarenko, Victor Alekseevich; Peregudina, Elena Vladimirovna; Lepokurova, Olesya Evgenyevna;

Трансформация минерального состава донных отложений от истоков к устьям рек

Abstract

Relevance. The efficiency of mineral exploration is determined by the depth of understanding a matter accumulation and scattering. The study of these processes involves an analysis of mineral and chemical composition of bedrock, the products of their processing in the zone of hypergenesis and their redeposition by water streams. The aim of the research is to reveal the trends of change in mineral and chemical composition of river sediments along the length of rivers. Methods: landscape-geochemical and statistical methods, methods of definition of chemical and mineral composition of river bottom sediments, mathematical modelling. Results and conclusions. The authors have generalized the data on mineral composition of river sediments in basins of the Ob river (in the Russian Federation: the Tom, Aktru, Pravaya Sarala, Kirgizka, Omutnaya rivers) and the Red river (Viet Nam: the Ban Thi, Che Ngu, Day, Namdu, Pho Day rivers), received in 2000-2017. It is shown that the main regularities of changes in the mineral composition of bottom sediments are associated with an increase in the share of quartz from the sources to the mouths of rivers with a length of more than 11-20 km, while reducing the contribution of minerals to the hypergenic resistance index (logarithm of factum of density and hardness) less than 1,26-1,27. It is established that the sites with a characteristic mineral composition of bottom sediments are located downstream from the sites with a conditionally uniform (or slightly variable in long-time period) chemical composition of river water (displacement of the boundaries to 100 km). A conclusion is drawn on the role of composition of bedrocks and the nature of hypergenic geochemical processes in formation of mineral composition of bottom sediments, which determine the conditions for destruction of particles and accumulation of products of interaction in the water-rock system resistant to chemical and physical weathering.

Актуальность. Эффективность поисков полезных ископаемых определяется глубиной понимания процессов аккумуляции и рассеяния вещества. Исследование этих процессов предполагает анализ минерального и химического состава коренных пород, продуктов их переработки в зоне гипергенеза и их переотложения водными потоками. Цель работы: выявление закономерностей изменения минерального и химического состава донных отложений по длине рек. Методы исследования: методы определения минерального и химического состава донных отложений, ландшафтно-геохимический и статистические методы, термодинамические расчеты, математическое моделирование. Результаты и выводы. Проведено обобщение данных о минеральном составе донных отложений водотоков в бассейнах рек Обь (Российская Федерация: реки Томь, Актру, Правая Сарала, Киргизка, Омутная) и Хонг (Вьетнам: реки Бан Тхи, Ченгу, Дай, Намду, Фодай), полученных в 2000-2017 гг. Показано, что основные закономерности изменения минерального состава донных отложений связаны с возрастанием доли кварца от истоков к устьям рек протяженностью более 11-20 км при одновременном снижении вклада минералов с показателем гипергенной устойчивости (логарифм произведения плотности и твердости) менее 1,26-1,27. Установлено, что участки с характерным минеральным составом донных отложений расположены ниже по течению от участков с условно однородным (или слабо меняющимся в многолетнем разрезе) химическим составом речных вод (смещение границ до 100 км). Сделан вывод о роли состава коренных пород и характера гипергенных геохимических процессов в формировании минерального состава донных отложений, определяющих условия разрушения частиц и аккумуляции продуктов взаимодействий в системе «вода-порода», устойчивых к химическому и физическому выветриванию.

Related Organizations
Keywords

термодинамические расчеты, бассейн реки Хонг, Обь, геохимические процессы, течения, mineral and chemical composition, transformation of mineral composition, донные отложения, химический состав, минеральный состав, ландшафтно-индикационные методы, the Red river basin, трансформация минерального состава, статистические методы, the Ob river basin, бассейн реки Обь, математическое моделирование, river sediments

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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