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The Otanes dilemma in Latin America

Authors: Mario Gustavo Berrios Espezúa;

The Otanes dilemma in Latin America

Abstract

El destacado politólogo italiano Norberto Bobbio (1909-2004) escribió un libro muy interesante acerca de las formas de gobierno en la historia del pensamiento político (Bobbio, 1992), el mismo que empieza con una “célebre discusión” entre tres personajes persas: Otanes, Megabyzo y Darío, acerca de cuál debería de ser la mejor forma de gobierno a instaurarse en Persia. Otanes es el defensor del gobierno de muchos (democracia), Megabyzo defiende el gobierno de pocos (aristocracia) y Darío apuesta por el gobierno de uno (monarquía), la democracia de Otanes es la única forma de gobierno que garantiza la igualdad ante la ley. Durante el estudio de las formas de gobierno (desde Platón hasta Marx), Bobbio llega a la conclusión de que la mejor forma de gobierno de todas es la democracia; sin embargo, en América Latina, la democracia ha asumido diversos tonos e incluso algunas formas de gobierno nada democráticos se hacen pasar como democráticos. En este trabajo desarrollaremos algunos puntos referidos a la célebre discusión que reseña Bobbio y su importancia en el actual debate acerca de la mejor forma de gobierno en América Latina; en segundo lugar, presentaremos el contexto neoliberal en el que la democracia en América Latina se instaura a inicios del siglo XXI; seguidamente, comentaremos algunos datos sobre la democracia en tres países de la región: Venezuela, Ecuador y Perú.

The prominent Italian political scientist Norberto Bobbio (1909-2004) wrote a very interesting book about the forms of government in the history of political thought (Bobbio, 1992), in that book he begins with a "famous discussion" between three Persian characters: Otanes, Megabyzo and Dario, about what should be the best form of government to be established in Persia. Otanes is the defender of the government of many (democracy), Megabyzo defends the government of a few (aristocracy) and Dario defends the government of one (monarchy), Otanes democracy is the only form of government that guarantees equality before the law. During the study of forms of government (from Plato to Marx), Bobbio comes to the conclusion that the best form of government of all is democracy; however, in Latin America, democracy has assumed different tones and even some non-democratic forms of government pass themselves off as democratic. In this paper we will develop some points referring to the famous discussion that Bobbio reviews and its importance in the current debate about the best form of government in Latin America; second, we will present the neoliberal context in which democracy in Latin America was established at the beginning of the 21st century; next, we will comment on some data about democracy in three countries of the region: Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru.

Keywords

Democracia, América Latina, gobierno

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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