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Термодинамический анализ озонобезопасных низкокипящих рабочих тел для турбодетандерных установок

Термодинамический анализ озонобезопасных низкокипящих рабочих тел для турбодетандерных установок

Abstract

В статье рассмотрены 46 низкокипящих рабочих тел (НКРТ), имеющих нулевой потенциал разрушения озонового слоя: 14 однокомпонентных гидрофторуглеродных хладагентов, 28 многокомпонентных смесей гидрофторуглеродных хладагентов и четыре природных хладагента. Произведен термодинамический анализ рабочих тел на базе классической турбодетандерной схемы с теплообменным аппаратом, предназначенным для охлаждения перегретого НКРТ, покинувшего турбодетандер. Для данной схемы построен цикл в T–s-координатах. Сравнение НКРТ производилось по эксергетическому коэффициенту полезного действия (КПД). В ходе исследования выявлено, что для некоторых НКРТ последовательность расположения зависимостей эксергетического КПД от температуры при оптимальных с термодинамической точки зрения давлениях рабочих тел сохраняется на всем изучаемом интервале температур (от 100 до 300 оС). Иными словами, если рабочее тело имеет наибольший эксергетический КПД, то это свойство присуще ему при любой температуре в заданном интервале. Анализ НКРТ по эксергетическому КПД предложено проводить по произвольно выбранной температуре (250 оС). Исследование показало, что наибольшим эксергетическим КПД из природных хладагентов обладает R600A (50,25 %), среди однокомпонентных гидрофторуглеродных хладагентов – R245FA (50,00 %), R1233ZD(E) (49,91 %), R236EA (49,59 %), среди многокомпонентных смесей гидрофторуглеродных хладагентов – R429A (47,92 %), R430A (47,49 %) и R423A (47,47 %). Из всех рассмотренных НКРТ наибольший эксергетический КПД имеют: R600A, R245FA, R1233ZD(E), R236EA, R1234ZE(Z), R236FA. Они принадлежат как к природным хладагентам (углеводороды), так и к однокомпонентным гидрофторуглеродным. Следует отметить, что у каждого из этих рабочих тел есть свои недостатки: одни обладают высоким потенциалом глобального потепления, другие взрывоопасны, третьи имеют высокую стоимость. The article considers 46 low-boiling working media (LBWM) with zero potential for ozone layer destruction. Out of them, 14 ones are single-component hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, 28 ones are multi-component mixtures of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, and the four ones are native refrigerants. Thermodynamic analysis of working media based on the classical turboexpander scheme with a heat exchanger designed to cool the superheated LBWM that has left the turbo-expander has been performed. For this scheme, a cycle is constructed in T–s-coordinates. The LBWM was compared using the exergetic coefficient of efficiency (KE). In the course of the study, it was found that for some LBWM, the sequence of location of the exergetic efficiency dependences on temperature at thermodynamically optimal working medium pressures is preserved over the entire temperature range under study (from 100 to 300 оC). In other words, if the working medium has the highest exergetic efficiency coefficient, then this property is inherent in it at any temperature in a given interval. It is proposed to perform the analysis of the LBWM for exergetic efficiency at an arbitrarily selected temperature (250 оC). The study demonstrated that the highest exergetic efficiency of natural refrigerants is R600A (50.25 %), among singlecomponent hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants – R245FA (50.00 %), R1233ZD(E) (49.91 %), R236EA (49.59 %), among multi-component mixtures of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants – R429A (47.92 %), R430A (47.49 %) and R423A (47.47 %). Out of the all examined refrigerants, the following ones have the highest exergetic efficiency of all the considered LBWM: R600A, R245FA, R1233ZD(E), R236EA, R1234ZE(Z), R236FA. They belong to both natural refrigerants (hydrocarbons) and single-component hydrofluorocarbons. It should be noted that each of these working media has its drawbacks: some have a high potential for global warming, others are explosive, and others have a high cost.

Keywords

Freon, Турбодетандер, Turbodetander, Тепловые отходы, Refrigerants, Secondary energy resources, Вторичные энергетические ресурсы, Фреон, Хладагент, Thermal waste, Tthermodynamic efficiency, Термодинамическая эффективность

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green